HS I Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System and Immunity
Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System and Immunity Medical Terminology to Know….. Medical Term Definition aden- gland carcin- cancer chem- drug Contra- against epidemi- among the people histo- tissue hygien- healthful inter- between -lysis destruction micro- small oid- like, similar pharyngo- throat Pseudo- false sept- infection toxic- poisonous
Watch Youtube Video ……….Lymphatic System http://youtu.be/WJEc2GDEfz8 Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
The Lymphatic System and Immunity Functions and Structures: 1. LYMPH- watery fluid that goes between capillary blood and tissues - transports pathogens to lymph nodes where they can be destroyed - INTERSTITIAL FLUID filters out of capillaries into the microscopic spaces between cells 2. LYMPH VESSELS- transport excess tissue fluid back into circulatory system. 3. LYMPH NODES- produce lymphocytes, filters out harmful bacteria. Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Watch Youtube Video Lymph System………. http://youtu.be/Ey9xhYGsUN4 Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Structures of the lymphatic system Lymph vessels closely parallel veins transport lymph Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Watch Youtube Video Lymph System Vessels………. http://youtu Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Structures of the lymphatic system Lymph vessels parallel to blood vessels Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Structures of the lymphatic system Lymph vessels Lacteals Specialized lymph vessels in the small intestines…in each villi Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Structures of the lymphatic system Lymph vessels Lymphatic ducts Large lymph vessels Thoracic duct Also called the left lymphatic duct receives lymph from the left side…empties into left subclavian vein Right lymphatic duct Lymph flows only in one direction Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Watch Youtube Video Lymph Nodes………. http://youtu.be/AAPW2AjCFeg Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Structures of the lymphatic system Lymph nodes tiny, oval-shaped structures range in size from a pinhead to an almond Act as filters Located alone or grouped – large cluster in the neck and under the arms If substance can’t be destroyed, node becomes inflamed Lymph node Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Watch Youtube Video Lymph Nodes & Lymph Vessels………. http://youtu Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Structures of the lymphatic system Tonsils 3 pairs masses of lymphatic tissue Palatine tonsils sides of throat Adenoids (pharyngeal) upper throat Lingual tonsils back of tongue Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Watch Youtube Video Immunity………. http://youtu.be/kExm6AQ6LpY Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Watch Youtube Video Immunity………. http://youtu.be/6uwVhn-APsQ Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Structures of the lymphatic system Spleen Spongy organ in the upper-left quadrant of abdomen Forms lymphocytes and monocytes Filters blood Stores large amounts of RBCs – contracts during vigorous exercise or loss of blood to release RBCs Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Spleen continued….. Destroys or removes old, fragile RBCs Not an essential organ…more needed in children If injured (blunt force trauma) may cause internal bleeding due to rich blood supply Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Watch Youtube Video Spleen………. http://youtu.be/0CqWulccLMo http://youtu.be/kExm6AQ6LpY Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Structures of the lymphatic system Thymus gland located in the upper, anterior chest also an endocrine gland “disappearing gland” Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
The Lymphatic System What are the functions of the lymphatic system? 1. Fluid Balance 2. Lymphocyte Production 3. Filtration 4. Immunity Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
The Lymphatic System Fluid balance ____Fluid ____Fluid IN OUT returning fluid from the interstitial compartment to the bloodstream transferring excess water from the bloodstream to the tissue fluid compensating for hypovolemia by releasing stored fluid to the tissues compensating for hypervolemia by absorbing and storing excess fluid ____Fluid IN ____Fluid OUT Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Lymphocyte production The Lymphatic System Lymphocyte production What are lymphocytes? What do they do? Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
The Lymphatic System Filtration Lymph nodes filter fluid to remove pathogens…fluid then delivered to other lymphatic vessels. Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
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Immunity Body’s ability to fight off infection…… Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Watch Youtube Video Immunity………. http://youtu.be/njNdANeRK3A Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
The Lymphatic System The body’s ability to resist pathogens Present at birth, inherited and permanent The body’s response to a pathogen Artifically acquired by injecting antibodies…lasts 3-5 weeks…immediate immunity Lasts longer…your body responds to a pathogen Result of recovering from a disease Being vaccinated / immunized (antigen injected to stimulate production of antibodies) Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
The Lymphatic System Natural immunity (Innate) – at birth, inherited and permanent. Includes anatomical barriers (that you are Naturally born with): Unbroken skin Mucus and tears Blood phagocytes Local inflammation Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Acquired immunity: Active and Passive The Lymphatic System Acquired immunity: Active and Passive Occurs as a result of exposure to invaders - Lasts longer…two types Active Acquired Passive Acquired Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Acquired Immunity cont. *You “Acquire” immunity after Exposure to a pathogen either: Actively having disease (Natural Acquired) or injections (Active Acquired) that build up antibodies-last longer because your body is responding to a pathogen (your body acquires immunity by actively buiding its own antibodies) or Passively-Being injected by antibodies (you acquire immunity passively & immediately due to the injected antibodies, but last only 3-5 wks). Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Watch Youtube Video Acquired Immunity: Passive vs Active ……… http://youtu.be/PNTDpxsrNGM Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
The Lymphatic System Acquired immunity-cont. Acquired immunity: Active Natural (body reacts to having the disease once before) A result of having had and recovered from a disease. For example: a child who had measles will usually not get it again – child’s body has manufactured antibodies against disease Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
The Lymphatic System Acquired immunity-cont. Acquired immunity: Passive Natural – baby gets from mother’s placenta or mother’s milk (Passed from mom to baby) Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
(2 ways to get Active Acquired Immunity) The Lymphatic System Acquired immunity: Active (2 ways to get Active Acquired Immunity) Artificial Natural Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
The Lymphatic System Acquired Immunity Active Artificial -by immunizations Should immunizations be required? Why or why not? Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
The Lymphatic System Acquired Immunity Natural = Result of recovering from a disease *Your body naturally builds up antibodies against the Disease process you had. Measles (rubeola) Chicken Pox (varicella) Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Watch Youtube Video Immunity & Vaccines Explained…………. http://youtu Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
HYPERSENSITIVITY When the body’s immune system fails to protect itself against foreign material, and instead, the antibodies formed irritate certain body cells. An abnormal response to a drug or allergen. An ALLERGEN is an antigen that causes allergic reaction responses. (Examples of allergens – ragweed, penicillin, bee stings, foods,etc.) Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
The Lymphatic System Anaphylactic shock - Severe, sometimes fatal allergic reaction -Antigen-antibody reaction stimulates a massive secretion of histamine Symptoms – breathing problems, eadache, facial swelling, falling blood pressure, stomach cramps, and vomiting Rx - adrenaline *Needs to wear a medic-alert bracelet / tag Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
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The Lymphatic System AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Caused by HTLV-III (human T-lymphotrophic virus type III) Commonly caused HIV or Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Affects not only homosexual males but all populations Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
The patient with AIDS cannot fight off cancers and most infections Three responses to HIV infection: AIDS ARC (AIDS – related complex) Asymptomatic infection Screening tests (anonymous) for HIV/AIDS are available Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Symptoms of AIDS Persistent fevers or night sweats Prolonged fatigue Persistent fevers or night sweats Persistent, unexplained cough Thick coating in throat or on tongue Easy bruising, unexplained bleeding Appearance of purple lesions on mucous membranes or skin that don’t go away Chronic diarrhea Shortness of breath Unexplained lymphadenopathy Unexplained weight loss, 10lbs or more, in less than 2 months Incubation period: 1 month to 12 years Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
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The Lymphatic System Hodgkin’s Disease cancer of the lymph nodes, painless swelling of lymph nodes are early symptoms. Rx – chemotherapy and radiation Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Watch Youtube Video Lymph Nodes………. Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
The Lymphatic System Infectious mononucleosis Caused by virus Frequently in young adults and children Spread by oral contact ( i.e. kissing, drinking after someone) Symptoms – enlarged lymph nodes, fever, physical and mental fatigue, Leukocytes Rx – bedrest, symptomatic treatment Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Watch Youtube Video Lymph Nodes………. Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
The Lymphatic System While watching the following video-answer these questions: Lupus erythematosus What is the classic symptom of lupus? What other symptoms might present? How is lupus managed? What is the prognosis? Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Watch Youtube Video Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE)……… http://youtu Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
The Lymphatic System Lupus erythematosus- a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs when your body's immune system attacks your own tissues and organs. Inflammation caused by lupus can affect many different body systems — including your joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, brain, heart and lungs. The classic symptom of lupus-difficult to diagnose because its signs and symptoms often mimic those of other ailments. The most distinctive sign of lupus — a facial rash that resembles the wings of a butterfly unfolding across both cheeks occurs in many but not all cases of lupus. Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
The Lymphatic System Lupus erythematosus Other Symptoms: depends on which body systems are affected by the disease. The most common signs and symptoms include: Fatigue and fever Joint pain, stiffness and swelling Butterfly-shaped rash on the face that covers the cheeks and bridge of the nose Skin lesions that appear or worsen with sun exposure (photosensitivity) Fingers and toes that turn white or blue when exposed to cold or during stressful periods (Raynaud's phenomenon) Shortness of breath Chest pain Dry eyes Headaches, confusion and memory loss Signs and symptoms may come on suddenly or develop slowly, may be mild or severe, and may be temporary or permanent. Most people with lupus have mild disease characterized by episodes — called flares — when signs and symptoms get worse for a while, then improve or even disappear completely for a time.
Watch Youtube Video Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE)……… http://youtu Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
The Lymphatic System Lymphadenitis Lymph aden itis What is it? LYMPHADENITIS – enlargement of the lymph nodes, occurs when infection is present and body is attempting to fight off the infection – generalized enlargement Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
The Lymphatic System Lymphedema Lymphatic obstruction is a blockage of the lymph vessels that drain fluid from tissues throughout the body and allow immune cells to travel where they are needed. Lymphatic obstruction may cause lymphedema, which means swelling due to a blockage of the lymph passages. Photo used with written permission by the Mayo Clinic. Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
The Lymphatic System Scleroderma Scleroderma is a connective tissue disease that involves changes in the skin, blood vessels, muscles, and internal organs. Autoimmune disorder, a condition that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy body tissue. Symptoms: Fingers or toes that turn blue or white in response to hot and cold temperatures Hair loss Skin hardness Skin that is abnormally dark or light Skin thickening, stiffness, and tightness of fingers, hands, and forearm Tight and mask-like skin on the face Joint pain Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
The Lymphatic System Tonsillitis Inflammation of the tonsils due to bacterial or viral infection Treatment: antibiotics if bacterial Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Watch Youtube Video Lymph Nodes………. Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System
Watch Youtube Video Lymph Nodes………. Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System