Plasma A watery liquid that contains dissolved substances. Makes up 55% of your blood

Plasma 92% water 8% solutes

Plasma donations Plasma donations can be frozen for up to one year prior to their transfusion into recipients. They also may be used to create a variety of medicines. Plasma is needed to treat patients with medical conditions including massive blood loss, blood clotting abnormalities (such as hemophilia), and immunodeficiency disorders.

Solutes Most of the solutes are plasma proteins Other solute materials include electrolytes, nutrients, gases, vitamins, and waste products.

Plasma proteins Albumins- smallest plasma protein, made by the liver. Albumins regulate water balance between blood and tissues. They also help transport proteins for fatty acids and some hormones.

Plasma Proteins Globulins- made by liver cells. They help to develop antibodies, which in turn help to develop B lymphocytes. B lymphocytes defend us against bacterial and viral invaders, these invaders cause diseases like measles, hepatitis, polio, and tetanus.

Plasma proteins Fibrinogen- produced by the liver and it is a chemical that plays a key role in blood clotting.

Other solutes Electrolytes- sodium, potassium, calcium, all help to maintain osmotic pressure, and serve as essential minerals Nutrients- products of digestion (amino acids from proteins, glucose from carbohydrates, and fatty acids from triglycerides) Regulatory substances- hormones and enzymes

Solutes Gases- oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen Wastes- most are the products of protein metabolism and are carried by the blood to organs of excretion. Wastes include urea, uric acid, creatine, bilirubin, and ammonium salts

Water Solvent for carrying other substances, 92% of plasma

Hemostasis Vascular spasm Platelet plug formation Coagulation

Vascular spasm The smooth muscle in arteries, will constrict when arteries are damaged. This constriction will reduce blood loss.

Platelet plug formation Platelets have a sticky edge, and will form a plug around small wounds, to reduce blood loss. http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2002_general/Esp/folder_structure/tr/m1/s7/trm1s7_3.htm

Coagulation Coagulation also called clotting Several factors are involved in the coagulation process At the conclusion of these process, a chemical called thrombin is converted to fibrinogen, fibrinogen is converted to fibrin. Fibrin looks like fine threads, which forms a net over the wound, and diminishes blood loss

Fibrin

Blood types

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