1 THE RESTLESS EARTH You need to know: What is the structure of the earth. What is Continental Drift What causes Folding What causes Earthquakes What causes Volcanos

(3) THE CORE: VERY HOT NICKLE (1) CRUST: OUTER LAYER. GROUND WE ARE STANDING ON INSIDE THE EARTH (2) MANTLE: HOT MELTED ROCK CALLED MAGMA (3) THE CORE: VERY HOT NICKLE

THE EARTHS PLATES The earths crust is cracked like a jicksaw. We call each piece a Plate. The plates float on the liquid mantle so they are moving around : Continental Drift

PLATES COLLIDE Plates push against each other and the crust crumples. We call this Folding and it forms Fold Mountains like the Alps PLATES SEPARATE Where plates are moving apart from each other, a crack (Fissure) opens up and the liquid magma underneath bubbles up. When magma reaches the surface it is called Lava. The lava forms mountains called Volcanos. Eg Vesuvius PLATES SLIDE When plates slide along each other the rubbing builds up tension which then releases as an earthquake. Where this happens is called the epicentre. Eg San Francisco 1906 and 1989.

SAY WHETHER THE FOLLOWING IS A FEATURE OF PLATES COLLIDING, SEPARATING OR SLIDING Folding Volcano Lava Earthquakes Fold Mountains Epicentre

IMPACT OF EARTHQUAKES, VOLCANOS ON PEOPLE

PACIFIC RING OF FIRE HAS THE MOST EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOS IN THE WORLD. EFFECTS OF AN EARTHQUAKE: 2009 JAPAN EARTHQUAKE & TSUNAMI BUILDINGS, ROADS AND HOUSES DESTROYED PEOPLE HAVE NO WHERE TO LIVE JOB LOSSES AS BUSINESSES ARE DESTROYED. EARTHQUAKE CAUSED HUGE WAVES CALLED TSUNAMIS WHICH DESTROYED HUNDREDS OF COASTAL TOWNS. WAYS TO PREVENT DISASTER. BUILD STRONGER BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE WHICH CAN WITHSTAND AN EARTHQUAKE. EDUCATE PEOPLE WHAT TO DO DURING AN EARTHQUAKE. AID AGENCIES LIKE CONCERN PROVIDE, FOOD AND SHELTER TO HELP PEOPLE AFTER AND EARTHQUAKE.

EFFECTS OF A VOLCANO: MT VESUVIUS, ITALY IN AD79 MT VESUVIUS ERUPTED AND DESTROYED THE ROMAN CITY OF POMPEII. VOLCANO ALSO CAUSED EARTHQUAKES WHICH DETROYED BUILDINGS MT VESUVIUS ATTRACTS MILLIONS OF TOURISTS WHICH PROVIDES A LOT OF JOBS AND MONEY THE VOLCANO MADE THE LAND AROUND MT VESUVIUS VERY FERTILE FOR FARMING.

KEY TERMS YOU NEED TO KNOW Core Mantle Crust Magma Continental Drift Three ways plates move Fold Mountain Volcano Earthquake