Progressive Movement

How did Americans try to fix the problems the Industrial Revolution created?

The Progressive Movement Progressive = Change These changes included: Breakup of monopolies Improvement in Working Conditions Limitations on Child Labor Rise of Labor Unions Temperance Movement Women’s Suffrage MWBA – Disc 2 Owning it All 41-43 Intro to Progressive Era

Objectives Content: Compare the characters in The Lorax to individuals during the Industrial Revolution and Progressive Era. Language: Explain the message of The Lorax as it relates to real life.

Disc 2; 38-40, 41:50-43; Disc 3 3-6:20

Objectives Content: Explain the policies of Bryan and T. Roosevelt regarding business. Language: List the ways the captains were trying to influence the laws of the country.

Antitrust Sherman Act – the first antitrust law is passed in 1890. It outlaws "every contract, combination, or conspiracy in restraint of trade," and any "monopolization, attempted monopolization, or conspiracy or combination to monopolize.” The main goal is to protect the process of competition for the benefit of consumers, making sure there are strong incentives for businesses to operate efficiently, keep prices down, and keep quality up.

Election of 1896 McKinley Bryan

Add to top of notes! Trust – combination of firms or corporations formed by a legal agreement, especially to reduce competition.

Objectives Content: Explain the policies of Bryan and T. Roosevelt regarding business. Language: List the ways the captains were trying to influence the laws of the country.

Politics William Jennings Bryan Ran for President three times Fought for the lower classes and the rights of laborers/farmers Spoke out against political corruption MWBA – Disc 3 Taking the White House 3-3:52, 4:34-6:20

Election of 1900 McKinley & Roosevelt Bryan

Election of 1900 Theodore Roosevelt Success in Spanish American War gives him celebrity status Vice President and then President of U.S. Believed president was the “steward of the people,” = he could not be bought or manipulated.

Theodore Roosevelt Anti-trust - preventing or controlling trusts or other monopolies, with the intention of promoting competition. MWBA – Disc 3 Taking the White House 36:45-43 Election, assassination, anti-trust cases The New Machine 30:30-34:30 – new businesses, Rockefeller stock in gas comp = rich

Objectives Content: Explain the role of Ida Tarbell in the case against Standard Oil. Language: List the effects of the break up of Standard Oil.

Ida Tarbell Her father faced an impossible decision in 1872. Sell to Rockefeller or go out of business. This happened because of Rockefeller’s secret business deal with the railroads that allowed him to transport oil at a lower cost while the railroads raised the rates on the other oil businesses.

Ida Tarbell Tarbell published a 19 part series in 1902 about the practices of Standard Oil which included: Damaging internal documents Interviews with employees, lawyers and conversations with Standard Oil’s most powerful senior executive at the time, Henry H. Rogers The public was furious with her findings and many believe this led to the Supreme Court Case against Standard Oil.

Objectives Content: Review Progressive Era working conditions, child labor, labor unions, the temperance movement, women’s suffrage, and the break-up of monopolies. Language: Reflect and write down your thoughts on Progressive issues and what you have learned from them.

Muckrakers Muckrakers – Journalists or photographers who wanted to help change our country by pointing out problems. These writers were known as muckrakers because they “dug up” the “dirt” about of American society.

What were some examples of muckrakers from the presentations? Muckraker – journalist or a photographer who wanted to help change our country by pointing out problems. As the public became informed of these problems, they began to demand REFORM! What were some examples of muckrakers from the presentations?  Sinclair’s findings played a great role in the creation of Food and Drug Administration after President Theodore Roosevelt read his novel.  The Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act in 1906 was ultimately enacted because of his investigation and muckraking efforts to expose the dangers of the industry.

Workplace Reforms Reforms were needed because of these three negative effects of industrialization: Unsafe working conditions Low wages and long hours Child Labor

Unsafe Working Conditions Labor unions were weak. Workers worked for long hours, for low pay, in dangerous environments. Industrial accidents were common. The Triangle shirtwaist factory fire of 1911, where 146 people were killed because of a fire, was one of the worst workplace accidents in U.S. history. Mistakes made that increased deaths: Managers locked in workers Unsafe fire escapes Fire equipment not prepared for a fire higher than 7 stories up http://www.albany.edu/jmmh/vol2no1/trianglefire.html

Reflection Question Think about today’s safety practices at work or even school.  What do we do today to avoid issues like these?  Is there room for improvement?  Explain.

Child Labor Young children worked for long hours and low pay in dangerous environments. These children received no education. Parents supported child labor in order to provide for their families http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/childlabor/ 55 sec -

Child Labor Lewis Hine used photographs of children working to try to reform (and end) child labor practices. https://youtu.be/NfEtO00DSvI http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/childlabor/ 55 sec -

Reflection Question Child Labor Laws are in effect today, but there is a loophole for farmworker families (even today!).  Why do you think farmworker families were exempt from the rules others (factories) had to follow?

Labor Unions Workers responded to dangerous conditions by forming Labor Unions. Business owners saw labor unions as unfair because they prevent competition. The largest impact was made by organizing a strike – a stopping of work by workers to force an employer to meet workers’ demands.

Strikes Strikes were often violent and deadly and many people did not support this lawless disorder.

The Rise of Labor Unions Samuel Gompers began the American Federation of Labor (also called the AFL) It was one of the most powerful Labor Unions fighting for workers’ rights

Labor Union Success! In the end, the Labor Unions had many successes Improved safety conditions Reduced work hours Placed restrictions on child labor Expanded Education In 1865 most children attended school for only 4 years By 1914 80% of all children (ages 5-17) were enrolled in school

Reflection Question Why is getting an education so important that families would risk losing a worker who could help make their living situation better?

Progressive Era Constitutional Changes During the Progressive Era, people began to believe that it was government’s job to help solve society’s problems. Many new laws were passed as a result of the progressive movement, including several amendments to the Constitution.

Women’s Christian Temperance Union Biggest group behind Temperance movement was the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) Carrie A. Nation became the face (and ammo) of the movement

Carrie Nation and her “Hatchetations”

18th Amendment “Prohibition” (also known as The Temperance Movement) prohibited: the production, sale, or transportation of alcoholic beverages in the United States.

First minute of video (prior to negative impact of Prohibition)

Reflection Question Do you think Prohibition will end the problems of the Industrial Revolution or create new ones?  Why?

Map of Women’s Suffrage Before 1920 Less population so more voters = more weight in the House of Representatives West has always been less traditional than East Mormons in Utah want women to vote to approve polygamy

Frustrations Women have no say in political matters and cannot help create change. 15th Amendment disappointed many women who thought African-American men and women would be given voting rights at the same time.

Famous Suffragettes National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Big leaders in the women’s suffrage movement: Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton

http://viewpure.com/L13b0t9aARY?ref=search

Women’s Suffrage Women gained the right to vote with the passage of the 19th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America. Suffrage led to increased educational opportunities http://viewpure.com/co6qKVBciAw

Discrimination against Native Americans Native Americans did not receive any citizenship rights in the United States until 1924. This means that they were the last group of people to be given Constitutional rights!

Reflection Question Other countries granted women voting rights earlier, like New Zealand in 1893 and Australia in 1902. Are you surprised at how long the U.S. took to grant voting rights to all Americans?  Why or why not?