의회와 대통령 (Legislatures and presidents) PROF 의회와 대통령 (Legislatures and presidents) PROF. JUNGKUN Seo Department of POLITICAL SCIENCE (서정건 교수) 2014 1ST semester KYUNG HEE UNIVERSITY

Course Introduction Lecture Time and Place 서정건 (Jungkun Seo) 교수 T, TH 3:00-4:15 pm (정경대 304) 서정건 (Jungkun Seo) 교수 경희대학교 정치외교학과 Office Hours: T, Th 2:00-3:00 pm or by appointment Office #418, Office Phone: 02-961-0696; E-mail: seojk@khu.ac.kr

Course Description (English/Korean) This course is designed to provide students with in-depth knowledge on the legislative and executive politics in Korea and US. As this is English/Korean course, I will conduct English & Korean classes half and half.

Course Description (Presidents) During the first half of the semester, we will explore and compare the presidency in Korea and US, with a focus on presidential history, presidential power, presidential election, presidential evaluation, presidency-in-the- system, and presidential policymaking.

Course Description (Legislatures) During the second half of the semester, we will address the question of how similar and different legislative politics are in Korea and US, centering on the subject of legislative history, theories of lawmaking, electoral connections, lawmakers, parties, committees, rules and procedures, legislature-in-the- system, and legislative policymaking.

Presidential Power: The First Debate The Neutrality Proclamation in 1793 by George Washington The Federalist Papers partnership of Madison and Hamilton broke up in the 1790s Washington’s second term: U.S. pressed to take sides in the breaking war between England and France Washington chose to issue a Neutrality Proclamation “Could he do so? Could the president choose such a course without congressional input?” Hamilton: this was a decidedly executive sphere and its duty to preserve Peace until war is declared Madison: proclamation was a change in policy equivalent to a new statute or peace treaty

Presidential Power Debate This debate has echoed throughout American history! Are there “inherent” presidential powers or “prerogatives”? Reduced to its essence, the question is simple Is a president limited to the specific powers affirmatively listed in the Constitution? (Constitutionalist) OR Can he take whatever actions he deems in the public interest so long as those actions are not actually prohibited by the Constitution? (Presidentialist)

Presidential Power: Two Perspectives Theordore Roosevelt’s “Stewardship theory” (1913) The president represents all people and should be a steward of the people The president should be active in foreign and domestic policy Prerogative powers or autonomy and independence from other agencies for foreign-policy making “My belief was that it was not only the president’s right but his duty to do anything that he needs of the Nation required unless such action was forbidden by the Constitution or by the laws.” (TR 1913)

Presidential Power: Two Perspectives William Howard Taft’s “Literalist theory” (1916) TR’s hand-picked successor, William Howard Taft, suggested the opposing view The president could not do anything that the Constitution or laws did not expressly permit. Also, president should not speak out publicly in defense of his policy “The president can exercise no power which cannot be fairly and reasonably traced to some specific grant of power. There is no undefined residuum of power which he can exercise because it seems to him to be in the public interest.” (Taft, 196)

한국의 대통령제와 권한 If not, why not? Do we have this sort of debate on presidential power? If not, why not? 한국의 대통령 = an imperial president? (제왕적 대통령제?)

Course Readings COURSE READINGS 2013 대통령의 성공조건 (이숙종, 강원택 공편, 동아시아연구원) 2013 대통령의 성공조건 (이숙종, 강원택 공편, 동아시아연구원) + Class Readings on KLAS Lecture power points slides are posted on KLAS.

Course Requirements 30% Midterm (Apr 22, T) 35% Final (Jun 17, T) 15% Legislature or President Presentation in English 10% Attendance 10% Participation (Class & Readings) No participation means 0 %!

Class Presentation Choose and Present ANY Legislature or President! 7 Minute Presentation in English! About 7 Slides Recommended! When the time is up, then ….!

Participation in Reading Discussions On Thursday Classes (after presentations), be prepared and ready for class discussions I lead! ( participation grade) The class discussions will be based on the assigned readings. The assigned readings will be either from the textbook chapter or KLAS

Course Outline (Presidents) Mar 4/6 Course Introduction Mar 11/13 Presidential History Mar 18/20 Presidential Power Mar 25/27 Presidential Elections Apr 1/3 Presidential Evaluation Apr 8/10 Presidency-in-the-system Apr 15/17 Presidential Policymaking Apr 22 (T) Midterm Exam

Course Outline (Legislatures) Apr 29/May 1 Evolution of Legislatures May 8 Theories of Lawmaking May 13/15 Electoral Connections May 20/22 Committees and Parties May 27/29 Rules and Procedures Jun 3/5 Legislature-in-the-system Jun 10/12 Legislative Policymaking Jun 17 (T) Final Exam

Class Manner Policy Once you are in class, you will NOT get out of the classroom until class is over. Except for the “exceptional cases” you have to explain to me later… In particular, during the class presentations, students are NOT allowed to get out. Violating this rule should result in some penalty.

Next Class Reading for Discussion Read “The Executive Branch” for class discussions posted on KLAS