Wood mobilisation – EU Perspective Biomass Policies Workshop Unit “Environment, Forestry and Climate Change” DG Agriculture and Rural Development Biomass Policies Workshop Brussels, 14 May 2014

Potential of biomass from EU forests Past activities related to mobilisation of wood (2008-2012) New Forest Strategy: sustainability and mobilisation Forestry related measures under Rural Development Policy Energy and climate in the horizon 2030 2

Potential of biomass from EU forests 3

Growth in forestry biomass Direct from 28 to 41 Mtoe But complex Mobilisation! Growth in forestry biomass Direct from 28 to 41 Mtoe Indirect: stable (around 31 Mtoe) Source: 25 NREAPs 2006: domestic biomass + imported biomass – exported biomass 2015 and 2020: domestic biomass Source: National Renewable Energy Action Plans 4

KIPKE GRAPHICS BOB 2001 2000 EU forests: + 350 000 hectares/year 1991 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 1992 1993 1994 112 115 113 114 116 EU forests: + 350 000 hectares/year Problems of mobilisation, e.g. fragmented ownership and small size: - 16 million private forest owners average size of private holdings 13ha (many < 5 ha) many forest owners are not market actors - large national and regional variations in supply and use

Past activities related to mobilisation of wood (2008-2012) 6

- Large differences between countries . Report on „Mobilisation and efficient use of wood and wood residues for energy generation“ (2008)  Approved by the Standing Forestry Committee in December 2008 - A clear potential to increase forest utilisation for energy exists in most countries of the EU as only 60 – 70% of the annual increment of EU forests is harvested. - Much of the potential for expansion can be found in small private holdings. - Large differences between countries . - Calculations on EU level on such a potential of wood for energy differ significantly and range between less than 100 million m3 and up to more than 190 million m3 per year. http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/fore/publi/sfc_wgii_final_report_072008_en.pdf

Good practice Guidance on sustainable wood mobilisation in Europe (Joint effort by EU Commission, Forest Europe and UNECE/FAO, 2010) Study „Prospects for the market supply of wood and other forest products from areas with fragmented forest-ownership structure" (Study financed by the European Commission undertaken by the BOKU University (Austria), 2010) Other Studies: EU Wood Study: Real potential for changes in growth and use of EU forests (June 2010) Forthcoming: Wood raw material supply and demand for the EU wood processing industries (2013) Joint effort by EU Commission, Forest Europe and UNECE/FAO http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/fore/publi/forest_brochure_en.pdf http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/studies/bioenergy_en.htm

New Forest Strategy: sustainability and mobilisation COM(2013) 659 final, Brussels, 20.9.2013 "A new EU Forest Strategy: for forests and the forest-based sector" http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/forest/ 9

PRINCIPLES Sustainable forest management and the multifunctional role of forests, delivering multiple goods and services in a balanced way and ensuring forest protection. Resource efficiency, optimising the contribution of forests and the forest sector to rural development, growth and job creation. Global forest responsibility, promoting sustainable production and consumption of forest products. 10

FOREST 2020 OBJECTIVES To ensure and demonstrate that all forests in the EU are managed according to sustainable forest management principles and that the EU’s contribution to promoting sustainable forest management and reducing deforestation at global level is strengthened, thus: - contributing to balancing various forest functions, meeting demands, and delivering vital ecosystem services; - providing a basis for forestry and the whole forest-based value chain to be competitive and viable contributors to the bio-based economy. 11

SFM CRITERIA General provision: "For this strategy to be meaningful to those policies that require or might require evidence of sustainable forest management and to reach its goals, objective, ambitious and demonstrable sustainable forest management criteria that could be applied to all uses of forest biomass are needed." 12

SFM CRITERIA Sustainable forest management criteria that could be applied to all uses of forest biomass Should build on: existing legislation and international initiatives, including work carried out under FOREST EUROPE consider the special situation of small forest owners address market-based private-sector tools such as certification. 13

SFM CRITERIA Strategic orientation: Working group with MS and stakeholders Report to be expected by end 2014 14

Mobilisation Strategic orientation: "The Commission will, together with Member States and stakeholders assess potential wood supply and facilitating increased sustainable wood mobilisation and develop good-practice guidance" 15

Energy and climate in the horizon 2030 16

Energy and climate in the Horizon 2030 Commission Communication "An improved biomass policy will also be necessary to maximise the resource efficient use of biomass in order to deliver robust and verifiable greenhouse gas savings and to allow for fair competition between the various uses of biomass resources in the construction sector, paper and pulp industries and biochemical and energy production. This should also encompass the sustainable use of land, the sustainable management of forests in line with the EU's forest strategy and address indirect land use effects as with biofuels" 17

European Council Conclusions March 2014 Energy and climate in the Horizon 2030 European Council Conclusions March 2014 "The European Council calls on the Commission to conduct an in-depth study of EU energy security and to present by June 2014 a comprehensive plan for the reduction of EU energy dependence. The plan should reflect the fact that the EU needs to accelerate further diversification of its energy supply, increase its argaining power and energy efficiency, continue to develop renewable and other indigenous energy sources and coordinate the development of the infrastructure to support this diversification in a sustainable manner" 18

Forestry related measures under Rural Development Policy Forestry forms an integral part of the EU Rural Development Policy In the Rural Development Regulation (article 5 (2)). "sustainable management of forests" is mentioned as part of the Union priorities for rural development 19

6 Union priorities for rural development 1. Fostering knowledge transfer and innovation in agriculture, forestry, and rural areas 2. Enhancing farm viability and competitiveness of all types of agriculture in all regions and promoting innovative farm technologies and sustainable management of forests 3. Promoting food chain organisation, including processing and marketing of agricultural products, animal welfare and risk management in agriculture 4. Restoring, preserving and enhancing ecosystems related to agriculture and forestry 30% 5. Promoting resource efficiency and supporting the shift towards a low carbon and climate resilient economy in agriculture, food and forestry sectors 6. Promoting social inclusion, poverty reduction and economic development in rural areas 5% 20

Strategic programming 6. Social inclusion, poverty reduction and economic development in rural areas 2. Farm viability, competitiveness, innovative farm technologies, sustainable forest management 3. Food chain organisation, incl. processing/marketing, animal welfare and risk management 4. Restoring, preserving and enhancing ecosystems 5. Resource efficiency and shift towards a low carbon and climate resilient economy 1. Knowledge transfer and Innovation Rural development priorities Focus areas Innovation, Climate Change and Environment Cross-cutting objectives (a) innovation, cooperation, and the development of the knowledge base; (b) links between agriculture, food production and forestry and research and innovation; (c) lifelong learning and vocational training. (a) economic performance of all farms and farm restructuring and modernisation, notably to increase market participation/orientation and diversification; (b) facilitating entry of adequately skilled farmers and generational renewal. (a) integration of primary producers into the agri-food chain: quality schemes, adding value, promotion in local markets and short supply circuits, producer groups/ organisations; (b) farm risk prevention and management. (a) biodiversity, including in Natura 2000 areas, areas facing natural or other specific constraints and high nature value farming, and the state of European landscapes; (b) water management, including fertiliser and pesticide management; (c) prevention of soil erosion and soil management. (a) efficiency in water use (b) efficiency in energy use (c) renewable sources of energy, by products, wastes and non-food raw material for the bio-economy (d) reduction of greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions (e) carbon conservation and sequestration (a) diversification, creation and development of small enterprises and job creation (b) local development in rural areas (c) information and communication technologies (ICT) in rural areas Strategic programming

Rural Development Measure title Article RD Regulation Rural Development Measure title Art 14 Knowledge transfer and information actions Art 15 Advisory services, farm management and farm relief services Art 17 Investments in physical assets Art 19 Farm and business development Art 20 Basic services and village renewal in rural areas Art 21 Forest area development and improvement of forest viability Art 22 Afforestation and creation of woodland Art 23 Establishment of agroforestry systems Art 24 Prevention and restoration of damage to forests from forest fires and natural disasters Art 25 Improving the resilience and environmental value of forest ecosystems Art 26 New forestry technologies; processing, mobilising and marketing of forest products Art 27 Setting up of producer groups and organisations Art 28 Agri-environment climate Art 29 Organic farming Art 30 Natura 2000 and Water Framework Directive payments Art 31 Areas facing natural or other specific constraints Art 34 Forest-environmental and climate services and forest conservation Art 35 Co-operation Art 42-44 LEADER