English III -Rhetorical Analysis- Sunshine State Standards -Identify and analyze the characteristics of a variety of types of text

Agenda Turn in My Name homework from weekend Review Rhetorical Devices and strategies Practice indicating devices in speeches Prepare for CRL

Essential Question I will How do rhetorical devices affect the effectiveness of a speech? I will Be able to define multiple rhetorical devices that speakers use in their speeches.

Defining Speeches A speech is a nonfiction work that is delivered orally to an audience. Some speeches are composed in writing before being spoken out loud. Others are composed less formally as they are being presented, usually with notes as a guide.

Some Types of Speeches Political Speech An Address A Sermon Focuses on an issue relating to government or politics. Usually, the speaker tries to persuade people to think or act a certain way. An Address Is a formal speech that is prepared for a special occasion. A Sermon Is a speech that is usually based on a scriptural text and is intended to provide religious instruction.

The Appeals - Persuasive Techniques Pathos An emotional appeal Attempts to arouse the audience's feelings, often by using loaded words that convey strong connotations Logos A logical appeal Builds a well-reasoned argument based on evidence, such as facts, statistics, or expert testimony Ethos Directed at the audience's sense of morality or values This type of appeal is linked to the audience's perception of the trustworthiness and moral character of the speaker or writer.

Examples of Rhetorical Devices Diction (Word Choice) - style of speaking or writing determined by the choice of words by a speaker or a writer. Repetition - restating an idea using the same words Restatement - expressing the same idea using different words Parallelism - repeating a grammatical structure Antithesis - using strongly contrasted words, images, or ideas Rhetorical Questions - asking questions for effect, not to get answers Allusions - referring to well-known people, events, or stories

Diction How does diction affect tone? When you look up a word in the dictionary, you will find its literal (denotative) meaning. However, the emotions and associations connected to a word is known as its connotative meaning. Depending on our experiences, certain words have a positive, negative, or neutral connotation. What do you think of when you hear "Chick-fil-a," "Granny's"

Compare Connotative Meanings Youthful vs Childish Relaxed vs Lackadaisical Slim vs scrawny Cheap vs Economical Inquisitive, Interested, Curious, Convivial Confident vs Egotistical Beautiful vs Stunning Conversational vs Chatty

In each of these examples which word has the strongest connotation? Bedford is an uppity neighborhood, but the rents are cheap. On my flight to Los Angeles, I sat next to this babe. She was absolutely stunning. Every morning my neighbor takes his mutt to the park. It always barks loudly when leaving the building. You need to be pushy when you are looking for a job. Bob is quite vocal at every staff meeting. He always speaks.

Repetition “And is not peace, in the last analysis, basically a matter of human rights -- the right to live out our lives without fear of devastation – the right to breathe air as nature provided it -- the right of future generations to a healthy existence?" -John F. Kennedy

Restatement "They were meant for us. They were meant for no one else." -Patrick Henry "Graduation isn't an end, but a beginning." "Freedom is not given, it is won." -Martin Luther King Jr.

Parallelism “If you want others to be happy, practice compassion. If you want to be happy, practice compassion.” —Dalai Lama “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.” —John F. Kennedy "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way…" - Charles Dickens

Antithesis The use of antithesis is very popular in speeches and common idioms, as the inherent contrasts often make antithesis quite memorable. Here are some examples of antithesis from famous speeches: “We must learn to live together as brothers or perish together as fools.” – Martin Luther King, Jr. "To err is human; to forgive divine." "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."

Rhetorical Questions A rhetorical question may have an obvious answer but the questioner asksrhetorical questions to lay emphasis to the point. “It’s too hot today. Isn’t it?” “If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? And if you wrong us, shall we not revenge?” -Shakespeare, "The Merchant of Venice"

Allusions “This place is like a Garden of Eden.” "The rise in poverty will unlock the Pandora’s box of crimes" "Hey! Guess who the new Einstein of our school is?” By and large, the use of allusions enables writers or poets to simplify complex ideas and emotions. The readers comprehend the complex ideas by comparing the emotions of the writer or poet to the references given by them.