Unit 1

GPS

Global Positioning System Accurately determines the precise position of something on Earth

Cultural Landscape

The fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group Imprint left on the land by people Examples?

Distance Decay The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin The further apart two locations, the less interaction between the two

Toponyms

Place name How are places named?

Projections/distortions

Mercator – distorted at poles Equal area Robinson – small land areas Shape, distance, size, direction

Types of diffusion

Relocation Expansion Hierarchical Contagious Stimulus

Environmental Determinism

Physical environment causes social development Human activity in places that are suitable Opposite?

GIS Geographic Information System Layers of information

Site vs. Situation

Site – Location of a place, physical characteristics Situation – location of a place relative to other places

What is geography? Geo – earth Graphy – study of, writing about

Latitude/Longitude

Geographic grid Show absolute location

Scale

Refers to the relationship of a feature’s size on a map to its actual size Large scale map? Small scale map?

Spatial Interaction

Relies on connectivity, accessibility Relationship between locations across space

Time-Space Compression

Reduction in time it takes for something to reach another place due to advances in technology

Unit 2

Characteristics of LDCs

High/moderate population growth Short life expectancies High TFR High CBR Low CDR Lower status of women DTM stages?

Population Pyramids

Show men/women in age intervals What do they look like in Stage 2 of DTM? Stage 4? Other scenarios – college towns, retirement communities, military bases, etc

Demographic Momentum

Total population will continue to grow even after fertility rates are at or below replacement level

Demographic Transition Model

Stage 1 – high CBR, high CDR, low growth Stage 2 – high CBR, low CDR, high growth Stage 3 – declining CBR, low CDR, moderate/declining growth Stage 4 – low CBR, low CDR, low growth, ZPG, TFR = 2.1

Physiological vs. Arithmetic Density

Arithmetic – number of people in total land area Physiological – Number of people supported by a unit of arable land

Malthus

Food supply will not be able to sustain population growth Moral restraint is a solution

Guest Workers

Temporary migration to obtain jobs Where do they come from in Europe?

Immigrant Waves to the US

1840s - 1900– Western Europe 1905 – 1914 – Southern/Eastern Europe Late 20th C/Early 21st C – Asia/Latin America

Ravenstein’s Laws

Male Young adult Travel alone Travel short distances Long distances are to cities Migrate for economic reasons

Refugee locations

Africa Middle East

Gravity Model

Spatial interaction between places is directly related to population size and inversely related to distance

Types of Migration

Forced/voluntary International Internal Interregional Intraregional

Push/Pull Factors

Push – reasons to leave a place Pull – reasons to come to a place Environment, political, economic, social/cultural

Demography

Study of population

Dependency Ratio

People who are too young or too old to work

Unit 3

Ethnocentrism

Belief that one’s culture is superior to all others

Locations of Spanish-speakers

Spain, Central America, South America

Diffusion of Pop Culture

Fast Widespread Hierarchical Contagious

Impact of European Colonization

European languages spread throughout the world Land/indigenous people taken advantage of Forced/voluntary migration Establishment of cities/trading ports

Concentrations of the Amish

Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana

Characteristics of Pop Culture

Developed countries Traceable to a specific hearth Widespread

Lingua franca

Language of international communication, used to facilitate trade Examples?

Housing Types

Saltbox I-house Tidewater Ranch Split-level

Indo-European language locations

Europe South Asia North America Latin America

Isogloss

Word-usage/language boundary

Acculturation

Adopting certain customs of the dominant host society in order to advance socioeconomically, while still retaining many native customs, practices and beliefs

Pidgin language

A simplified form of a language that speakers of two different languages use to communicate

Sequent Occupance

Imprints of cultures on the landscape

Most widely spoken language families

Indo-European Sino-Tibetan

English language branch

Germanic

Unit 4

Ethnic Religions

Appeal to only one group of people Concentrated in one area Judaism, Hinduism

Religion of East Asia

Buddhism Asian ethnic religions

Shiite Muslim locations

Iran

Monotheistic religions/hearths

Christianity Islam Judaism Southwest Asia

Architectural types/places of worship

Mosques – minarets/dome Pagodas – tiers Churchs - crosses

Diffusion of Islam

Southwest Asia to North Africa/Central Asia/Indonesia

Diaspora

Dispersion of Jews by the Romans from Southwest Asia all throughout Europe

Religious toponyms

Christian toponyms often named after saints

Sharia law

Moral code and religious law Islamic countries

White flight

Whites leave a neighborhood in anticipation of blacks and other minorities moving in Result of realtors blockbusting

Zionism

Desire to create a Jewish homeland

Sacred places

Christianity? Islam? Judaism? Hinduism?

Islam beliefs/practices

5 pillars of faith One god Prayer 5 times a day Charity Fasting during Ramadan Pilgrimage to Mecca

Religions/locations in the US

Baptist – Southeast Lutheran – Upper Midwest Mormons – Utah/West

Caste System

Strict social structure in Hinduism