Electronic Media: Then, Now, and Later Norman J. Medoff and Barbara K. Kaye Medoff & Kaye Electronic Media 3/e Chapter 4

Television and Radio Programs and Programming Chapter 4 Television and Radio Programs and Programming Medoff & Kaye Electronic Media 3/e Chapter 4

Then: Types of Radio Programs (1 of 2) Music By late 1920s, live music dominated By late 1940s, comedies, dramas, quiz shows, etc. Dramas Serial and episodic dramas Soap Operas Comedies Amos ‘n’ Andy, Burns & Allen, Jack Benny, Bob Hope Amos ‘n’ Andy under fire for stereotypical caricatures Beulah: first radio sitcom starring African American Medoff & Kaye Electronic Media 3/e Chapter 4

Then: Types of Radio Programs (2 of 2) Back to the music Radio thrived through 1930s-1940s Many radio programs migrated to TV Program migration and technological innovations encouraged return to music on radio Music recording (vinyl, tape) Transistor and car radios Music formatting attracted specific listeners Rock ’n Roll Drew young people to radio Allen Freed, Todd Storz and Bill Stewart, Casey Kasem Top 40 format Medoff & Kaye Electronic Media 3/e Chapter 4

Now: Types of Radio Programs Music Format News and information AM Three categories: All news Sports/talk News/talk Noncommercial radio Educational Corporation for Public Broadcasting National Public Radio Top 10 formats 2013 Country News/talk Pop CHR Adult contemporary (AC) Classic hits Classic rock Hot AC Urban contemporary Rhythmic contemporary Sports Medoff & Kaye Electronic Media 3/e Chapter 4

Now: Where Radio Programs Come From (1 of 2) Local programs Network/syndicated programs Network programs all inclusive; complete Syndicated programs are individual shows aired by a station between its own programs Usually delivered by satellite; aired live or tape delay Paid for by cash and/or barter Medoff & Kaye Electronic Media 3/e Chapter 4

Now: Where Radio Programs Come From (2 of 2) How programs are scheduled (hot clock) Who schedules programs (program director) Medoff & Kaye Electronic Media 3/e Chapter 4

Then/Now: Types of TV Programs (1 of 4) Genres: Narrative or non-narrative Stories in narrative programs focus on lives of fictional characters Stories in non-narrative programs focus on real people and do not come from scripts Talk shows, reality shows, game shows, sports, news Medoff & Kaye Electronic Media 3/e Chapter 4

Then/Now: Types of TV Programs (2 of 4) Narrative programs Anthologies Dramas Serials (Soap operas) Telenovelas Situation Comedies Stretch the envelope Lack of racial diversity Movies and Miniseries Medoff & Kaye Electronic Media 3/e Chapter 4

Then/Now: Types of TV Programs (3 of 4) Non-narrative programs Variety shows Game and quiz shows Reality shows Reality situation, family, dating, game, etc. Sports Live coverage facilitated by technological developments Late-night talk Medoff & Kaye Electronic Media 3/e Chapter 4

Then/Now: Types of TV Programs (4 of 4) News and Public Affairs Local newscast Broadcast network news and public affairs shows Cable news (CNN, 1980) Viewer evaluations of credibility Decreased use of newspaper Children’s shows Kukla, Fran, and Ollie; The Lone Ranger; Sesame Street; SpongeBob SquarePants, etc. Noncommercial television CPB created Public Broadcasting Service (1969) Masterpiece Theater, NOVA, American Family, Antiques Roadshow, etc. Medoff & Kaye Electronic Media 3/e Chapter 4

Then/Now: Where Television Programs Come From (1 of 2) Treatment ► Pilot ► Schedule Who produces and distributes programs Producers Broadcast and cable networks Syndicators Off-network versus first-run Local television stations Newscasts and other content of local interest Prime-time access rule (PTAR) Cable companies Local origination, local access, public access Noncommercial stations PBS, independent producers Medoff & Kaye Electronic Media 3/e Chapter 4

Then/Now: Where Television Programs Come From (2 of 2) Who pays for programs Producers Networks Local stations Reverse compensation Cash/barter options Cable Companies Syndicators PBS Productions Medoff & Kaye Electronic Media 3/e Chapter 4

Then/Now: Who Carries What? Broadcast network affiliates Big three (ABC, CBS, NBC) facing competition New networks, including Spanish-language Prime time: mainstay of TV industry Non–prime time (daytime and late night) generally more profitable Cable networks Specialized (hundreds) Premium and pay-per-view channels HBO, Cinemax, etc. Local-origination and local-access channels Medoff & Kaye Electronic Media 3/e Chapter 4

Then/Now: Program Scheduling (1 of 2) Seasons Historically, right after Labor Day More flexibility now in terms of timing Season length Originally 30-39 episodes; now 20-26 episodes More flexible now; may be split into two units or bursts Midseason replacements Medoff & Kaye Electronic Media 3/e Chapter 4

Then/Now: Program Scheduling (2 of 2) Programming strategies Tentpoling Hammocking Leading in Leading out Bridging Blocking Seamless programming Counterprogramming Head-to-head programming Stunting Repetition Stripping Medoff & Kaye Electronic Media 3/e Chapter 4

Later: Radio and Television Marketing syndicated programs National Association of Television Program Executives (NATPE) Cable television Importance of cable-originated programming Award-winning shows Streaming services (e.g., Netflix) beginning to produce programs Medoff & Kaye Electronic Media 3/e Chapter 4