Music by The Police “One World is Enough” One world is enough For all of us One world is enough For all of us It's a subject we rarely mention But when we do we have this little invention By pretending they're a different world from me I shelve my responsibility One world is enough For all of us One world is enough For all of us The third world breathes our air tomorrow We live on the time we borrow In our world there's no time for sorrow In their world there is no tomorrow One world is enough For all of us One world is enough For all of us Lines are drawn upon the world Before we get our flags unfurled Whichever one we pick It's just a self deluding trick One world is enough For all of us One world is enough For all of us I don't want to bring a sour note Remember this before you vote We can all sink or we all float 'Cos we're all in the same big boat One world is enough For all of us One world is enough For all of us One world is enough For all of us One world is enough For all of us One world is enough For all of us It may seem a million miles away But it gets a little closer everyday It may seem a million miles away But it gets a little closer everyday It may seem a million miles away But it gets a little closer everyday One world...

SOC 102 – BECOMING MODERN: The Social Origins of Modernity Dr. Manuel Vallée University of Auckland Semester 2 - 2016

OUTLINE Announcements - Breaking down the song… what does it mean? - Quiz #7 results - Thought of the day - Assignment #2 Colonialism - Why Study colonialism? - Why does poverty matter? Why should we care about it? - Age of Exploration - Social Consequences (exploitation and empire building) - 2nd wave Colonialism (19th Century) - Indian Holocaust - Race for Africa

Music by The Police “One World is Enough” One world is enough For all of us One world is enough For all of us It's a subject we rarely mention But when we do we have this little invention By pretending they're a different world from me I show my responsibility One world is enough For all of us One world is enough For all of us The third world breathes our air tomorrow We live on the time we borrow In our world there's no time for sorrow In their world there is no tomorrow One world is enough For all of us One world is enough For all of us Lines are drawn upon the world Before we get our flags unfurled Whichever one we pick It's just a self deluding trick One world is enough For all of us One world is enough For all of us I don't want to bring a sour note Remember this before you vote We can all sink or we all float 'Cos we're all in the same big boat One world is enough For all of us One world is enough For all of us One world is enough For all of us One world is enough For all of us One world is enough For all of us It may seem a million miles away But it gets a little closer everyday It may seem a million miles away But it gets a little closer everyday It may seem a million miles away But it gets a little closer everyday One world...

Thought of the Day… “During times of universal deceit, telling the truth is a revolutionary act.” - George Orwell

Why Study Colonialism? Poverty Why study poverty? What are its societal affects? No Justice, No Peace What are its environmental affects?

Poverty’s Environmental Affects - Loss of rainforests… and thus oxygen…

Recap: Portugal’s Exploration What did Portugal’s Exploration consist of? Azores 1439 1415: Ceuta China1543 Madeira 1420 1543 Japan Cape Verde 1460 Sierra Leone 1480 1499 India 1500 Brazil 1488

What were the Consequences of Portuguese Explorations

The Arrival of New Spices into Europe

The Arrival of New Plants into Europe Spices Foods: coconut, oranges, yams, and bananas Drugs: opium, camphor, cannabis Fabrics: silk, cotton, velvet Woods: sandalwood, ebony, ivory, bamboo and lacquered wood Recreation: Chess sets & sex appliances Perfumes Plants: tulips Animals: parrots, rhinoceroses, monkeys

The Arrival of New Animals into Europe Spices Foods: coconut, oranges, yams, and bananas Drugs: opium, camphor, cannabis Fabrics: silk, cotton, velvet Woods: sandalwood, ebony, ivory, bamboo and lacquered wood Recreation: Chess sets & sex appliances Perfumes Plants: tulips Animals: parrots, rhinoceroses, monkeys

The Arrival of Other Commodities to Europe Spices Plants: tulips Animals: parrots, rhinoceroses, monkeys Foods: coconut, oranges, yams, and bananas Drugs: opium, camphor, cannabis Fabrics: silk, cotton, velvet Woods: sandalwood, ebony, ivory, bamboo and lacquered wood Recreation: Chess sets & sex appliances Perfumes

Improved Geographical Knowledge: The Anglo-Saxon Map

Improved Geographical Knowledge Ptolemy’s Map

The Age of Exploration: Spain’s Explorations

The Spanish Empire

Consequences of Spanish Colonialism

Consequences of Spanish Colonialism Death and destruction related to the Capture of Tenochtitlan (1521)

Consequences of Spanish Colonialism - Natural Mineral extraction… endentured labor by the locals, pollution of the environment, theft of their natural resources… Cerro Ricco (rich mountain), Potosí, Bolivia

Slavery

Slavery

The Dutch Explorations (1600 -1700) Dutch Explorations: Abel Tasman’s Voyages

The Dutch Empire (1600 -1700)

The British Empire (1600 -1700)

Consequences of British Colonialism: The Great India Famine of 1876-1878

Colonial Genocide: It is estimated that at least 24 million Indians died during the Indian Holocaust, due to decisions made by colonial administrators to dispossess people of their land and their food… so as to make it available for the European markets

SOURCES OF THE INDIAN HOLOCAUST - Colonialism’s dispossession of lands from the natives The introduction of railroads to accelerate the dispossession of crops The ideology of economic liberalism Ideology of Eurocentrism… The idea that Indian lives did not matter The El Niño weather patterns Cholera

DECOLONIZATION

DECOLONIZATION Asian countries: India, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia Middle eastern countries: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Sudan, Libya African countries: Ghana, Zaire, Uganda, Congo, Rwanda Caribbean: Jamaica, Trinidad & Tobago Pacific Nations: Fiji,Tonga, Papua New Guinea, Philippines

Key Questions about Third World Poverty What is the country’s colonial past? Who colonized the country? - What political system did the colonizers impose? To what effect? - What cultural ideologies did they impose? - What economic system did the colonizers impose? To what effect? - Who owns the land? How is the land used? That is to say, is it used to grow crops for the locals? Or is it used to grow export crops for the European countries? - What resources are being extracted from the country? By whom? For whose benefit? And at whose expense? - What “structural adjustments” have been imposed on the country by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF)? How has that impacted the country’s funding of its infrastructure, including its education and healthcare systems?

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES ON THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF COLONIALISM: Roots (video series about slavery in North America) 500 Years Later (video on long-term consequences of slavery for Africa) The Buried Mirror (video on colonisation of South America) Jared Diamond. 1998. Guns, Germs, and Steel: A Short History of everybody for the last 13,000 years. ON EUROCENTRISM: JM Blaunt. 1993. The Colonizer’s Model of the World: Geographical Diffusionism and Eurocentric History. Louise Levathes. 1994. When China Ruled the Seas: The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne, 1503-1433.