PARTICIPLES www.marshlatin.wordpress.com

WHAT ARE PARTICIPLES? VERBAL ADJECTIVES I.E. VERBS THAT DESCRIBE NOUNS E.G THE RUNNING MAN; A LOVING WIFE; A SCOLDED CHILD

Are there different kinds of participles? Yes, because participles are VERBal adjectives they have tenses and voices just like VERBS. There are three tenses for participles: present, perfect, future (like English’s present, past, future) Participles can be Active or Passive voice Most participles are either present active or perfect passive

HOW DO I IDENTIFY PARTICIPLES? LOOK FOR –NS OR –NT__ ENDINGS These will be PRESENT ACTIVE participles LOOK FOR VERB FORMS THAT END –US, -A, -UM These will be PERFECT ACTIVE/PASSIVE participles

HOW DO I TRANSLATE PARTICIPLES? PRESENT ACTIVE: -ING PERFECT ACTIVE: HAVING ________ED PERFECT PASSIVE: HAVING BEEN __ED (P.P.P. ALTERNATE _______ED)

DO I DECLINE OR CONJUGATE PARTICIPLES? PARTICIPLE ARE DECLINED PRESENT PART. USE 3RD DECLENSION PERFECT PART. USE 1ST/2ND DECL.

WHAT IS AGREEMENT? PARTICIPLES ARE ADJECTIVES ADJECTIVES AGREE WITH NOUNS IN THREE WAYS: CASE (nom/gen/dat/acc/abl/voc) NUMBER (singular/plural) GENDER (masculine/feminine/neuter)

WHY ARE THERE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE PARTICIPLES? SOME VERBS ARE DEPONENT DEPONENT VERBS LOOK PASSIVE BUT ARE TRANSLATED ACTIVELY THUS THEIR PARTICIPLES LOOK LIKE PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLES, BUT ARE TRANSLATED AS PERFECT ACTIVE PARTICIPLES

THE 6 PERF. ACT. PART. INGRESSUS REGRESSUS ADEPTUS PRECATUS LOCUTUS CONSPICATUS