BELLWORK: Block 2 Describe air warfare/strategies used in the Falklands. Include weapon/tech advances! Describe how war was fought on land in the Falklands (Include the key battles of Goose Green & Stanley) THINKER: List four reasons the Falklands War was a limited war.

Describe air warfare/strategies used in the Falklands.

British Task Force 65 ships 7,000 troops 42 planes 2 aircraft carriers were key Rest of ships would be stationed in Falklands sound 7,000 troops Army Regulars Royal Marines (trained in amphibious landings) 42 planes All carrier-born; 1/3 the size of Argentina Relied on Ascension Island to re-group and re-fuel (U.S. owned airstrip on island) Enforced the TEZ Publicize movement of task force

Why did Britain want to publicize the movement of their task force?

The cover of Newsweek magazine, 19 April 1982, depicts HMS Hermes, flagship of the British Task Force

Key locations in the Task Force’s logistic chain

HMS Invincible in the South Atlantic

A British Sea Harrier plane on the deck of the HMS Invincible https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ShvcULmHYlo

HMS Sheffield https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CV8sI6BRF_o

Argentine Naval Plans Est. presence on S. Georgia Launch full scale invasion Avoid TEZ w/ aircraft Keep in mind: the Royal Navy was in the middle of military cutbacks that eliminated its force of aircraft carriers & amphibious vehicles Changes after Belgrano

Argentine Air Force Plans FAA pilots plan during the war Argentine Air Force: (Fuerza Aérea Argentina; FAA) Due to the distance required to fly to the islands, two minutes was the average time FAA attack aircraft had available in the target area.

FAA primarily used French-made Super Étendard jets (could fire French-made Exocet missiles)

Land Strategies

Britain’s Invasion of the Falklands British supply ship Atlantic Conveyor entered San Carlos Bay on May 5 carrying the helicopters and troops needed to get to Stanley. Two Argentine aircraft released Exocets aimed at two British frigates The frigates fired up metal foil to confuse the missiles’ radar Instead, the Exocets picked up a new target…Atlantic Conveyor Missiles sunk the ship and destroyed all helicopters on board British now forced to walk four days to the capital (open to attack) carrying 120 pounds of gear Split their ground forces into 2: 500 for “morale boost” at Goose Green 2,000 to re-capture the capital of Stanley

Britain's invasion of the Falklands – split into 2: Goose Green Stanley

British Night Fighting British forces trained to fight in night as effectively as day This was effective against defended targets and open terrain Key was consistent communication and continual movement!

Key Land Battles Goose Green Stanley Capital of the Falklands Main British force of 2,000 men Attack over 2 nights Troops land & launch 3-prong attack to surround hills around city Move on city while 30 seek higher ground to force Arg. retreat Success! Argentina loses will to fight and surrenders! Strategic Port with air strip 500 Brits move South to achieve “morale boost” Plan: attack air field in dark and take settlement by day Argentina: defensive position on hills – surround British with artillery and mine fields Britain out in open – no cover & vulnerable Air support arrives and bombs Argentina’s defensive positions Britain threatens to try Argentina for civilian deaths if fighting continued

Britain wins Stanley! Argentine POW’s in Stanley Confiscated Argentine Weapons

Review: Why was the Falklands War “limited?”

20th Century Battlefields: Falklands (BBC) As we watch the video, take notes on: Important Events (battles, ships, turning points, etc.) Strategies Used New weapons/technology https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BPab6Hhk9Rw

BELLWORK Read/annotate pages 54-55 about the effects of the Falklands War. Complete the “effects” section of your worksheet.

Partner Discussion List three social effects of the Falklands War. What was the role of the U.S. in the Falklands War? What was the role of the UN in the Falklands War?

Why did Britain win the Falklands War? British Advantages Argentine Disadvantages Better training US aide French aide Position in the UN High Morale In your opinion, what was the biggest advantage Britain had, leading to their victory? Lack of training & confidence Forces were divided & unorganized Bad planning & strategies Weapon failures Lack of leadership No aide from allies In your opinion, what was the biggest disadvantage Argentina had, leading to their loss?

Effects of War: 904 total deaths (including 3 islanders) Argentina Britain 649 killed 1,657 wounded 11,313 POW’s 1 cruiser, 1 submarine, 4 cargo vessels, 2 patrol boats, 25 helicopters, 35 fighters, 2 bombers, 4 cargo aircraft 255 killed 775 wounded 115 POW’s 2 destroyers, 2 frigates, 24 helicopters, 10 fighters, 1 bomber

East Falkland Cemeteries Argentine Military Cemetery British Military Cemetery

Several minefields still exist in East Falkland

British Media’s portrayal of the war

Argentine Media’s portrayal of the war (“we’re winning”)