Physical Therapist Assistant Standard 4 and 5 Objective 5 and 4 Kaitie and Julia

Objective 5: question 1 Compare and contrast the difference between slow twitch and fast twitch muscle fibers and the type of athletic performance each influence. Slow twitch Slow twitch muscle fibers rely on a rich supply of oxygenated blood as they use oxygen to produce energy for muscle contraction. Fast twitch Fast twitch muscles generate short bursts of strength or speed than slow muscles. However, they fatigue quickly.

Objective 5: question 2 Compare and contrast different types of movement related to strength training Isoemtric/isotonic/ isokinetic Contractions of a particular muscle or group of muscles. During isometric exercises, the muscle doesn't noticeably change length and the affected joint doesn't move. Eccentric/ concentric Eccentric is a type of muscle activation that increases tension on a muscle as it lengthens, while concentric lengthen the muscles. Closed chain/ open chain Closed chain is where a hand (for arm movements) or foot (for leg movements) is fixed and cannot move. Open chain is where the hand or foot is free to move and is not fixed. Plyometric Also known as “jump training”, where there are short bursts or intervals of maximum muscle force.

Objective 5: question 3 Identify methods of resistance Volume and Intensity are key for resistance training. Examples of exercises include: Without weights: Chin-ups Push-ups Sit-ups With weights Squats Biceps curls Bench press Shoulder press

Objective 5: question 4 Apply general conditioning principles to improve strength: Speed: To increase speed, use maximum force at high velocities. Muscular endurance: Increasing strength will improve muscle endurance, as well as varying intensity, and increasing the volume of the workout Power: Resistance training will help create to build muscle and fast twitch muscle which improves power.

Questions related to exam How can muscle endurance be increased? a. High repetition, high resistance b. Low resistance, low repetition c. High resistance, low repetition---- d. Low resistance, high repetition

Question 45 45. Pushing against a wall is an example of what kind of contraction? a. Eccentric b. Isokinetic c. Concentric d. Isometric--------

Question 25 25. What does the treatment of an athlete having a seizure include? a. Hold the arms and legs down b. Put a tongue depressor into the mouth c. Make sure the athlete is safe and protected---- d. Put the athlete on a backboard immediately

Question 26 26. What term is used to describe decreasing the size of a muscle? a. Atrophy----- b. Hypertrophy c. Isometric d. Isotonic

Question 33 33. Match each activity to the appropriate category Closed chain exercises Open chain exercises Push up Throwing Squat Leg extension Bicep Curl

Standard 5

Standard 5- Objective 4 Identify the components of a pre and post event meal and explain the value of each Pre-event meals, typically should include carbohydrate and protein, and should be consumed 1-3 hours before the event. Post-event meals, should be full of carbohydrates and should be consumed about 30 minutes after the workout or event.

Objective 4: question 1 Describe recommended nutrient percentages of pre and post event meals Pre-workout: 75% should include carbohydrates 25% protein Post-workout: Main goal is hydration. It is key to keep muscles lubricated and your body sufficiently hydrated. Again protein and carbohydrates are important but for the purpose of rebuilding micro- tears in various muscles and to prevent soreness.

Objective 4: question 2 Identify foods that are easily digested Simple carbohydrates are easily digested and good for immediate energy. Fruits; bananas, oranges, berries etc. Oats Almonds Seeds, such as hemp seeds Mushrooms

Objective 4: question 3 Identify foods that should be avoided Caffeine Fast foods, that are high in fat, salt, and sugar Salty foods, we tend to consume too much salt so staying away for extra salty food is key. Excess sugar.

Questions related to exam 6. What food types should the pre-game meal primarily include? a. Fats b. Carbohydrates------ c. Electrolytes d. Proteins

Question 43 43. What pattern of nutritional training is conducted to maximize glycogen stores? a. Protein loading b. Carbohydrate loading----- c. Fluid replacement d. Mineral supplementation