Transboundary Water Management in Central Asia Dr. Chandra A. Madramootoo P.Eng. James McGill Professor of International Water Resources Management McGill University Montreal, Canada

Canada’s history of collaboration with the CARs on transboundary water management

SCADA System for Flow Control and Regulation

WATER – ENERGY – FOOD NEXUS

The Aral Sea – An Environmental Disaster

Water, Health and Sanitation

Impacts of climate change on water, energy, agriculture and food security

Annual Water Flow in the Aral Sea Basin But largest land area The Inequalities - Large variability in flows per country

The Challenges: Peak irrigation demands in the largest irrigated regions in the downstream countries during the summer; Peak hydroelectric energy requirements during the winter when flows are lowest; Hydroelectric production mainly in the two upstream countries of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; Need to better balance storage and releases to meet competing water demands, especially environmental flows; Impacts of climate change

Estimated hydroelectric potential is 460 billion Kwh per year Less than 10% of this potential is used Production is mainly in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan

CASA-1000 The Central Asia-South Asia Electricity Transmission and Trade Project (CASA-1000) aims to facilitate electricity trade between hydropower surplus countries in Central Asia and electricity deficient countries in South Asia. Participating countries: Afghanistan, Kyrgyz Republic, Pakistan and Tajikistan.

Largest irrigated areas are in the most downstream countries Irrigated Area, 1000 ha Largest irrigated areas are in the most downstream countries

Extremely Low Irrigation Efficiencies, Waterlogging and Salinity

Webber, H., C.A. Madramootoo, M. Bourgault, Horst, M.G., Stulina, G. and D. Smith. 2006. Water use efficiency of common bean and green gram using alternate furrow and deficit irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 86:259-268.

Application of environmental sensor technology and precision water management

A Good News Story – Improvements in Food Security due to Poverty Reduction

Shared utilization of water and power resources in Central Asia preserves stability, generates economic prosperity, improves food security and provides ecological security in the region.