Processing with Programs 1 ITGS – Software Basic Processing with Programs 1 Food for Thought: Recipe for food Precise steps How many steps

Processing with Programs 2 ITGS – Software Basic Processing with Programs 2 Food for Thought: One step to explain many actions

Computers – fast, smart machines ITGS – Software Basic Computers – fast, smart machines Computers – smart or intelligent machines but they perform only basic arithmetic operations

ITGS – Software Basic Algorithm Algorithm is set of step-by-step procedures for accomplishing a task. Programmers turn algorithms into programs by adding details, testing procedures and debugging – correcting errors.

The Language of Computers 1 ITGS – Software Basic The Language of Computers 1 Every computer processes instructions in a native machine language. Machine language uses numeric codes to represent the most basic operations-adding, comparing, moving numbers and repeating instructions.

The Language of Computers 2 ITGS – Software Basic The Language of Computers 2 Early programs were written in machine language. Nowadays, programming languages are like human languages. High-level languages: C++, Java, Visual Basic.Net

ITGS – Software Basic A translator program 1 Computer understands only machine language. High-level languages are easy for use for human. High-level languages must be translated to the zeros and ones of machine language.

ITGS – Software Basic A translator program 2 A translator program converts the English-like instructions to the zeros and ones of machine language. Translation process must be finished before using program.

ITGS – Software Basic A translator program 3 A translator programs are divided: compiler – translates file (formed .exe executive file). Complete translation before the first run (execution). interpreter each time when its run translate instruction. (instruction by instruction)

Translation processes 4 ITGS – Software Basic Translation processes 4 Compiler Input Program (Source file) Output: Program (Exe file)

Translation processes 5 ITGS – Software Basic Translation processes 5 Interpreter Input Statement (each) Output: Statement (each)

ITGS – Software Basic Documentation Software package includes printed documentation Tutorial manuals Reference manuals (how to use software) Help (printed, on CD, DVD, computer or online)

ITGS – Software Basic Upgrading New version 6.0 6.1 7.0 Update: New versions

ITGS – Software Basic Compatibility 1 No complete, universal software standards exist in computer world. Problem: program written for one type of computer system may not work on another. Windows 9x

ITGS – Software Basic Compatibility 2 Software - Microsoft: DOS Windows Office (documents)

ITGS – Software Basic Disclaimers Most programs works amazingly well but not perfectly.

Vertical Market and Custom Software ITGS – Software Basic Vertical Market and Custom Software Applications designed specifically for a particular business or industry are called vertical-market or custom applications. (restaurant-management software, medical-billing software, school evidence software) Cost far more then mass-market applications.

ITGS – Software Basic Operating system 1 System software: Operating system (OS) Utility programs Links Compilers

ITGS – Software Basic Operating system 2 Operating system (OS): Part of system software Work behind the scenes

ITGS – Software Basic Operating system 3 Operating system communicating with: screens printers disk drives other peripheral devices OS communicate with peripherals and with user

OS Concurrent Processing of Jobs ITGS – Software Basic OS Concurrent Processing of Jobs Operating system - concurrent processing of jobs : Rapidly switching back and forth between jobs (waiting for input, or printer, …) Time sharing:

ITGS – Software Basic OS Communicate Operating system communicating with: screens printers disk drives other peripheral devices OS communicate with peripherals

ITGS – Software Basic Memory Management Several jobs concurrently: OS must keep track Divide memory Swap information between the computer’s memory and external storage devices (access time slower)

ITGS – Software Basic Data Management Several jobs concurrently: OS must keep track

Programs and Data Drivers ITGS – Software Basic Programs and Data Drivers Utility programs serve as tools for doing system and repairs that aren’t automatically handled by the operating system. Copy files, repair damaged data files, translate files to different programs, compress files, … Operating systems invoke many utility programs

Desktop Operating Systems 1 ITGS – Software Basic Desktop Operating Systems 1 PC operating systems, created for the Apple II, the original IMB PC and other machines, looked nothing like today’s Macintosh and Windows operating systems. It was OS a character-based interface. A command line systems.

Desktop Operating Systems 2 ITGS – Software Basic Desktop Operating Systems 2 Graphic display; is not limited to displaying rows and columns of characters, it can individually control every dot on the screen. The MAC OS a graphical user interface-abbreviated GUI (gooey)

Desktop Operating Systems 3 ITGS – Software Basic Desktop Operating Systems 3 The first to market, the Macintosh was eclipsed in the GUI operating system. At the beginning MS Windows was a program (shell) that put graphical face on MS DOS. With Windows 95 MS transforming Windows from an operating system shell into full operating system.

Desktop Operating Systems 4 ITGS – Software Basic Desktop Operating Systems 4 Hierarchical menus in Windows Mac OS organization (frequently needed commands into compact). Pop-up menus Context-sensitive menus

Multiple-User Operating systems: Unix and Linux ITGS – Software Basic Multiple-User Operating systems: Unix and Linux Unix operating system developed at Bell Labs over a decade before the first PCs, enables a timesharing computer to communicate with several other computers or terminals at one time. UNIX is command line, character-based operating system.

ITGS – Software Basic Using a Linux GUI Goal: GNOME, a shell that puts a graphical desktop environment between you and the Linux command-line environment. Tools: Linux, GNOME, OpenOffice

Hardware and Software Platforms 1 ITGS – Software Basic Hardware and Software Platforms 1 Microsoft Windows XP (2001) Home edition; home users Windows XP Professional (business users) Windows XP Tablet PC Edition (Tablet PC-style notebooks) Windows XP Media Center Edition (multimedia-enabled PCs)

Hardware and Software Platforms 2 ITGS – Software Basic Hardware and Software Platforms 2 Microsoft Windows XP is enhanced version of Windows 2000 Professional. Both Windows XP and Windows 2000 are technically successors to Windows NT, not Windows 9x/DOS.

Hardware and Software Platforms 3 ITGS – Software Basic Hardware and Software Platforms 3 Microsoft Server 2003 server-based counterpart to Windows XP successor to the Windows 2000 Server product family, runs on all sizes of Web servers.

Hardware and Software Platforms 4 ITGS – Software Basic Hardware and Software Platforms 4 Microsoft Windows Millennium Edition. (Windows Me)/Windows9x. The end of the DOS–based Windows versions. (Windows 3.1x; Windows 95; Windows 98;

Hardware and Software Platforms 5 ITGS – Software Basic Hardware and Software Platforms 5 Microsoft Windows CE.NET is designed mostly for embedded connecter devices, and a special versions of the OS, handheld computers like the Pocket PC.

Hardware and Software Platforms 6 ITGS – Software Basic Hardware and Software Platforms 6 Palm OS Mac OS X(20) Mac OS 9 Linux, Sun Solaris and other UNIX variants. Linux is free, but doesn’t offer applications programs as Windows does.

Hardware and Software Platforms 7 ITGS – Software Basic Hardware and Software Platforms 7 Operating systems need application software so they can do useful work. Application software needs to be built to any kind of platform. Platform is combination of hardware and operating system software. Cross-platform applications (MS Office, Photoshop, are available in similar versions for multiple platforms.

Hardware and Software Platforms 8 ITGS – Software Basic Hardware and Software Platforms 8 Three general platforms: Windows Mac OS (graphic design, publishing, music, video, multimedia) UNIX/Linux (servers and high-end workstations)

Hardware and Software Platforms 9 ITGS – Software Basic Hardware and Software Platforms 9 Three OS: Windows (Intel or compatible CPU) Mac OS (Power PC processors) UNIX/Linux (can run on many hardware platforms, including Intel and Power PC processors) but different versions of Linux aren’t necessarily compatible.

Hardware and Software Platforms 10 ITGS – Software Basic Hardware and Software Platforms 10 Emulation, blurs the line between platforms.

Hardware and Software Platforms 11 ITGS – Software Basic Hardware and Software Platforms 11 Network vs. desktop More time on the Web Microsoft’s .NET strategy is a response to the popularity of Java, a platform-neutral computer language developed. Program written in Java can run on different OS.

ITGS – Software Basic Password Changing letters Name of hacker programs used for getting in program How to keep security of password? (hardware, software)