Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 I CAN Define Circadian Rhythms Describe the sleep stages Distinguish REM rebound and Sleep Debt Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

For most, the normal cycle of sleep - waking is about 25 hours Sleep and Dreaming Circadian Rhythms Physiological patterns that repeat approximately every 24 hours For most, the normal cycle of sleep - waking is about 25 hours Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Jet Lag west to east east to west Average number of days to adjust to local sleep schedule 2 3 4 1 5 6 7 8 It takes longer to adjust to local sleep schedules and get over jet lag when traveling west to east Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Daydreaming A mildly altered state of consciousness where attention shifts to memories, expectations, desires, or fantasies and away from the immediate situation Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

The sleep cycle involves two basic types of sleep 1.Non-REM (NREM) sleep Stages 1 - 4 2. REM sleep Rapid Eye Movement Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Non-REM Sleep: Stages 1-4 Lasts from 90 -120 minutes Each stage lasting between 5 and 15 minutes. Normal sleep cycle pattern Waking, stage 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, REM, 2, 3, 4... Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Beta Waves Alpha Waves Theta Waves Theta Waves Delta Waves REM Waves Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 The Sleep Cycle R.E.M. REM sleep usually occurs 90 minutes after sleep has begun. A period of rapid eye movements and intense dreaming. The first REM period of sleep lasts about 10 minutes, increasing in each cycle, until the final REM stage, lasting about one hour. In most instances, muscle paralysis occurs An individual completes five sleep cycles during a typical night’s sleep. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 REM Rebound REM-sleep deprivation leads to REM Rebound The condition of increased REM sleep after being deprived of REM sleep Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 The Need for Sleep Over the years, the need for REM sleep decreases considerably, while the need for NREM sleep diminishes less sharply Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Infants: About 16 hours Babies and toddlers From 6 months to 3 years: 10 - 14 hours Children Ages 3 to 6: 10 - 12 hours Ages 6 to 9: about 10 hours Ages 9 to 12: about 9 hours Teenagers: About 9 hours Adults: 7 to 8 hours Older adults: 7-8 hours Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

LONG SLEEPERS SHORT SLEEPERS Average more than 9 hours of sleep Tend to be more nervous, worrisome, tense, artistic, creative, non-conforming, More resilient to the effects of sleep deprivation. SHORT SLEEPERS Average less than 6 hours of sleep Tend to be more energetic, extroverted, more likely to remember their dreams Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Sleep Debt Sleep deficiency caused by not getting the required amount of sleep for optimal functioning Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Sleep Walking - Sleep Talking Do not occur in REM, but in deepest stage of non-rem sleep (Stage 4) Sleep Paralysis The condition where a sleeper in unable to move any of the voluntary muscles, except those controlling the eyes. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

THREE MOST IMPORTANT FEATURES OF NORMAL SLEEP 1. The 90 minute cycles 2. The deepest sleep occurs near the beginning of the night 3. Increase of REM duration as sleep progresses Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 CAN I? Define Circadian Rhythms Describe the sleep stages Distinguish REM rebound and Sleep Debt Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007