Nathaniel Hawthorne and The “Scarlet Letter”

Nathaniel Hawthorne Early Years Born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts. His parents were devout Puritans. Grandfather was a judge during The Salem Witch Trials. Mother gave birth alone while father was out at sea. Had aspirations to be a writer at an early age. Hawthorne’s place of birth.

College 1821 - 1824 Attended Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine Classmates with: -Harriet Beecher Stowe who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin -Franklin Pierce who became the 14th President of The United States.

Young Adult Life 1824 - 1842 Burned first published work after it sold only 1000 copies. 1837: College friend, John O’Sullivan, published first short novel Twice Told Tales. Worked on and off at many office jobs. Engaged to his fiancée Sofia Peabody for 7 years before he told his mother, 6 months before they were married.

The Influence of the Romantics Befriends Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau in Concord, Massachusetts. Learns about the importance of the individual All three men had Puritan heritage.

The Custom House Writes a biography for his college chum Franklin Pierce that helps him get elected president. Pierce helps Hawthorne get a job at the custom house at the Port of Salem. Hawthorne wrote a friend: "I have locked myself in a dungeon and I can't find the key to get out." After three years, fired amidst a political scandal.

Late Life Earned a fellowship in Liverpool, England Spent time traveling in Italy Returns to the US after The Civil War Dies in 1864 to lavish funeral. All his novels are still in print.

The Genesis of The Scarlet Letter After being fired from the custom house, wrote The Scarlet Letter in six weeks. His wife Sofia wrote a letter to a friend: “Mr. Hawthorne is writing feverishly!” The novel is an instant success amidst the political scandal surrounding Hawthorne.

The Plot of the The Scarlet Letter The plot of The Scarlet Letter surrounds the protagonist Hester Prynne and the controversy over who is the father of her illegitimate child.

Themes in The Scarlet Letter Individualism: The conflict between the individual and society Naturalism: The conflict between the natural realm vs. society. Repentance: The conflict between sin and guilt. Fictional Story in a Historical Place: Though the story takes place in Puritan Boston, many parts of the story are more Romantic than Puritan Symbolism: Symbols change meaning over the course of the novel.

Essential Questions to Consider Do the sins of one’s elders affect their children? Can one have individual freedom without conforming to the laws of a group? Why would a Romantic write a novel set in Puritan times?

Who were the Puritans? Wanted a “pure” church No candles No Images No stained glass windows Rejected the “showy” church of England Led very somber lives governed solely by a strict interpretation of the Bible No “nonsense” – dancing, gambling, drama, etc

Basic Beliefs of the Puritan Church Jesus Christ is the Son of God – died on the cross for all everyone’s sins The whole Bible is the word of God and it is to be followed to the letter. The belief that these ideas are fact are known as a person’s faith

Basic Beliefs of the Puritan Church Faith is what is necessary to get into heaven. If you don’t go to heaven you go to hell. Sins, as defined by the Bible, are to be avoided at cut out of life A catechism is a book that is used to teach basic principles of the church

The Infamous Puritans The Salem Witch Trials put the Puritans prominently in the history books Arthur Miller’s play The Crucible put it in Literature classes forever

Some Basics… Characters Young Goodman Brown His wife, Faith Mysterious man in the forest with a strange looking staff

Some Basics… Minor Character’s Notes… Constable: person in law enforcement Deacon: position in church held by congregation member Goody: abbr. of “goodwife”, female version of goodman Reverend: pastor Sabbath: day of rest in the Judo/Christian church – in this case, Sunday

YGB as an Allegory What is an allegory? A story where everything is a symbol Used commonly to instruct especially in religious matters Some famous allegories are: Dante’s Divine Comedy (more famous though is the first part commonly known as Dante’s Inferno John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress

The Allegory of Young Goodman Brown - Basics The Forest Evil / Sin

The Allegory of Young Goodman Brown – Basics Stars / Sky / Heavenly Bodies Heaven / Connection with God

The Allegory of Young Goodman Brown - Basics White Purity Red Sin Pink ????

The Allegory of Young Goodman Brown - Basics Fire Hell

The Allegory of Young Goodman Brown – now, not basic The common Christian man – brown is neutral Faith A Christian’s faith Witches Satan / Evil