Bell Work Primary and Secondary Processes Read page 40 in Chapter 5 of the Manufacturing book

Primary and Secondary Processes

Raw materials are converted into products that we can use by primary and secondary processes. primary processes – processes by which industrial materials are made

3 Primary Processes: 1. Thermal - using heat to change the materials processes - heating ores to extract metal from impurities 2. Mechanical - cutting or crushing - cutting logs into lumber

3. Chemical - using chemical reactions to refine raw materials - plastics Secondary processes – turns industrial materials into usable products

Secondary Processes: 1. Casting and Molding – adding liquid to a mold 2. Forming – forcing a material into a permanent shape 3. Separating – changing a material’s size by removing excess 4. Conditioning – changing the internal properties by heat, force, or chemical

5. Assembling – putting parts together 6. Finishing – protecting or improving a surfaces appearance

Additive process - building or adding material to form an item - 3D printing, stereo lithography, coating Subtractive process - removing excess material to form it - sawing, milling

Rapid prototyping/modeling - new methods of producing prototypes or models quicker than traditional methods Examples Include - 3D printing  - modeling and simulation software - generating .STL files (stereo-lithography)