Energy and Ecosystems studyguide

Lesson 1 - How do plants produce food? copyright cmassengale

Vocabulary Transpiration: the loss of water from a leaf through the stomata Photosynthesis: the process in which plants make food by using water from the soil, carbon dioxide from the air, and energy from sunlight Chlorophyll: a green pigment that allows a plant to absorb the sun’s light energy Producer; a living thing, such as a plant, that makes its own food Consumer: an animal that eats plants, other animals or both

copyright cmassengale Plants structure copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale study jams - Photosynthesis copyright cmassengale

Producers Sunlight is the main source of energy for most life on earth. Producers contain chlorophyll & can use energy directly from the sun

copyright cmassengale Consumers Consume means “to eat” All animals that eat plants or other animals are consumers Humans are consumers copyright cmassengale

Lesson 2 – How is Energy passed through an Ecosystem? copyright cmassengale

Ecosystems: a community of organisms and the environment in which they live ecosystems Brain Pop

Consumers 7. Herbivore 9. Omnivore (Humans) an animal that eats only producers, first-level consumer 8. Carnivore an animal that eats other animals, second-level consumer 9. Omnivore (Humans) An animal that eats plants & other animals 10. Decomposers a consumer that obtains food energy by breaking down the remains of dead plants and animals Fungi & Bacteria, worms

copyright cmassengale 11. Food Chain the transfer of food energy between organisms in an ecosystem 3rd level consumer 2nd level Consumer 1st level Consumer 4th level Consumer Producer (trapped sunlight & stored food) copyright cmassengale food Chain Brain Pop

Feeding Relationships Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction from producers to various levels of consumers copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale 12. Food Web a diagram that shows the relationships between different food chains in an ecosystem Food Web copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale 13. Energy Pyramid a diagram that shows how much food energy is passed from each level in a food chain to the next level energypyramid brain pop copyright cmassengale

Natural Cycles http://The Nitrogen cycle video

Lesson 1 – How do Organisms compete and survive in an Ecosystem? copyright cmassengale

14. Population – a group of organisms of one kind that live in one location 15. Community – a group of populations that live together 16. Competition – a kind of contest among populations that need to get a certain amount of food, water, and shelter to survive adaptation: a trait or characteristic that helps an organism to survive symbiosis: a relationship between different kinds of organisms

19. Mutualism: Both organisms benefit: Oxpeckers Clean Rhinoceros; Anemones Protect and Feed Clownfish

20. Commensalism: one organism is benefitted, while the other is not harmed. Bromeliad Roots on Tree Trunk Without Harming Tree

21. Parasitism: One organism benefits, the other is harmed 21. Parasitism: One organism benefits, the other is harmed. Tree with Parasitic Mistletoe, Trout with Blood-Sucking Sea Lampreys

kingsnakes are immune to the venom of venomous snakes Adaptations –a trait or characteristic that helps an organism survive 22. prey: an animal that is eaten by a predator 23. predator: an animal that kills and eats other animals speed & keen senses kingsnakes are immune to the venom of venomous snakes camouflage birds of prey have keen eyesight and sharp beaks and talons predator/prey relationship warning colors & patterns

Lesson 2 – How Do Ecosystems change over Time? Changing Ecosystems

24. Succession– a gradual change in the kinds of organisms living in an ecosystem 25. Primary succession occurs where there is only bare rock or sand. Lichen grows on rocks and soil is produced over hundreds of years by weathering down of rocks. Grasses, small shrubs and then trees can grow.

26. Secondary Succession The community begins again where there was disruption from fire, farming, wind, volcanoes or deforesting. Soil is already present.

27. Extinction: the death of all the organisms of a species

Lesson 3: How Do People Affect Ecosystems? Changes in Ecosystems

Vocabulary pollution: a waste product that harms living things and damages an ecosystem acid rain: a mixture of rain and acids from air pollution that fall to Earth. habitat: an area where an organism can find everything it needs to survive

31. Conservation – the use of less of a resource to make the supply last longer 32. Reclamation – the process of cleaning and restoring a damaged ecosystem