What is Weather. Weather Meteorology State of the atmosphere at a given Time and Place. Includes all types of clouds Includes all precipitation Storms even dust storms Measure of temps pressure, wind speed, direction and amount of moisture in the air. Study of the entire atmosphere. Including the weather.

Meteorology Climatology Includes the study of how the atmosphere heats and cools How clouds form and produce rain Composition of the atmosphere Atmosphere of other planets. Study of earth’s long term weather. Climate controls determine the climate in an area Include latitude, elevation and topography

Tools of meteorology Most useful Many , instruments have been developed. i.e.. Thermometer Lab experiments, Mathematical models, Computer simulations, satellites. Simple direct observation.

Temperature Average kinetic energy of all the particles Heat always travels from a warmer to cooler object (always – no exceptions)

Dew Point Atmospheric temperature below which water droplets begin to condense and dew can form. Varies with to pressure and humidity (water vapor) Dew - tiny drops of water that form around condensation nuclei at night, when temperatures drop allowing atmospheric vapor to condense Condensation nuclei – small particles of dirt, dust, salt, etc. which allow for the accumulation of water molecules

Wind Chill Scale Frostbite Chart that converts the actual temperature outside to the temp the body would feel if exposed to the air and wind. Adjusted temperature indicates the potential danger of frostbite in the outside air. Frostbite is, literally, frozen body tissue

Self weathercasters. Amount of moisture in the atmosphere. Humidity Increase in humidity makes hair go wavy and curly. Also hot and cold temps feel hotter and colder with higher humidity. essentially evaporation of water from plant leaves. Changes in air pressure: ears pop. Old people say bones ache. Humidity Transpiration Air Pressure

Composition of atmosphere Gasses Air and Water. Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%) make up 99%of dry air volume. >1% argon, carbon dioxide. Others … He, H, Ne, O3 and Kr. Thins out quickly as you increase altitude, but mixture stays the same. Understanding CO2 helps understand the atmosphere Air always contains some water vapor (less than 4%). (Humidity).

Ozone Importance Result?? Cause Form of oxygen gas. Contains three oxygen atoms. Ozone forms when ultraviolet light rays from the sun act on the oxygen in the upper most part of the atmosphere about 10 to 50 km up. It absorbs 99% of the harmful ultraviolet rays. Less ozone means more ultraviolet rays reach Earth’s surface, causing more sunburns, skin cancer and plant damage. Chlorofluorocarbons or (cfc) Combo of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon. Used in coolants and foam products CFCs break down ozone.

It has been growing ever since. Ozone Ozone measurements since 1970 show a hole in this protective layer of gas centered over Antarctica. It has been growing ever since. Ozone