HISTORY OF THE PUNJAB 1469-1966 A.D.

SYLLABUS UNIT-1 1. Guru Nanak Dev : Life and teaching of Guru Nanak, Concept of Langer; Sangat;Guru Gaddi; His views on Position of Women. 2. Expansion and Consolidation of Sikhism: Contribution of Guru Angad; Guru Amar Das and Guru Ram Das. 3. Guru Arjun Dev: His Contribution to the Panth; Compilation of the Adi Granth; causes and significance of the martyrdom of Guru Arjun Dev.

UNIT-2 4. Development of Sikhism : Guru Hargovind’s new policy and its justification; martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur and its significance. 5. Creation of Khalsa : Circumstances leading to the creation of Khalsa and its significance, the new injunctions and symbols of the Khalsa; post-Khalsa activities of Guru Govind Singh. 6. Banda Singh Bahadur: Establishment of Independent rule; his achievements; socio-economic trasformation.

UNIT-3 7. Punjab under Ranjit Singh : Civil and military administration; land revenue system; Anglo-Sikh relations upto 1839. 8. British Rule : Circumstances leading to the annexation to the Punjab; British administration structure. 9. Socio-religious reform movements : Namdharis; Singh Sabha; Arya Samaj.

UNIT-4 10. The Phases of Freedom Struggle : Agitation of 1907; the Ghadar Movement; the Jalianwala Bagh; the Gurudwara reform movement; circumstances leading to the partition of the Punjab. 11. Developments after Independence : Rehabilitation and resettlement after partition; Punjabi Suba Movement; the Reorganization Act of 1966; agrarian changes with special reference to Green revolution. 12. Map : (a) Important Historical places :- Amritsar, Anandpur Sahib, Chamkaur Sahib, Kiratpur, Paonta Sahib, Sirhind, Muktsar, Tarn Taran, Lahore, Machhiwara, Ropar Kapurthala, (b) Battles of Banda Bahadur. (c) Ranjit Singh’s Kingdom.

Life and Teaching of Guru Nanak Birth and Parentage Boyhood and education In Various Occupation Marriage Service in Sultanpur Enlightenment Travels or Udasis Settlement at Kartarpur Appointment of Successor Death

Teaching of Guru Nanak Cancept of God The Unity of God God is Formless Greatness and Transcendence of God God is Omnipotent and Omnipresent Significance of Divine Order God’s Grace Self-Surrender Worship of Name Greatness of ‘Shabad’ or Word Necessity of Guru No Belief in Asceticism Transmigration and Karma Theory Universal Brotherhood Denunciation of Caste System Condemnation of Empty Rituals Morality and Social Service Emphasis on Honest Earning NoBelief in the Sanctity or Sanskrit Language Uplift of Women Sach Khand

Guru Nanak Concept of Langar Concept of Sangat Concept of Guru-Gaddi Position of Women

Contribution of Guru Angad Popularization of Gurumukhi among the Sikhs Collection of Guru Nanak’s Hymns Compilation of Janamsakhi – A Controversial Issue Institution of Langar Condemnation of Udasis Discipline in sikh Church Institution of Sangat Composition of Shabads Foundation of Goindwal Appointment of Successor

Contribution of Guru Amar Das Construction of Baoli at Goindwal Elaboration of Langar Institution Collection and Compilation of Hymns Manji System Separation of the Sikhs from Udasis Social Reforms Repudiation of Caste-distinction and Untouchbility Prohibition of Sati Prohibition of Pardah System Prohibition of Intoxicants New Place of Pilgrimage New Mode of celebrating Festivals Simplification of Death,Marriage and Birth Ceremonies Akbar’s Visit to Goindwal Appointment of Successor

Contribution of Guru Ram Das Foundation of Ramdaspura or Amritsar Introduction of Masand System Reconciliation between the Sikhs and the Udasis Other Measures of Propaganda and Consolidation Guru Ram Das’s Friendly Relations with Akbar Appointemt of Successor- Guruship becomes Hereditary

Guru Arjun Dev His Contribution to the Panth Construction of Harimandir in Amritsar Foundation of Tarn Taran Foundetion of Kartarpur and Hargovindpur Construction of Baoli at Lahore Organisation and Development of Masand System Compilation of Adi Granth Encouragement of Horse Trade Social Reforms Vigorous Preaching of Sikhism Guru Arjun’s Friendly Relations with Akbar Self-sacrifice for Sikhism

Compilation of the Adi Granth Need of the Compilation of Holy Granth Collection of Material Work of Compilation of the Adi Granth Contributors of Adi Granth (i) Sikh Gurus(ii) Hindu Bhakats and Muslim Sufis (iii) Bhats (iv) Minstrels 5. Arrangement of the Material 6. Contents 7. Language 8. Importance of Adi Granth (i) Sikhs get their Holy Scripture (ii) Availability of the True Vani of the Gurus (iii) Independent Entity of Sikhism (iv) A Great Book of Synthesis (v) Literary Importance of Adi Granth (vi) Historical Importance of Adi Granth (a) About the Political Condition (b) About the Social Condition (c) About the Religious Condition (d) About the Economic Condition (e) About the State of Music (f) About Language and Literature

martyrdom of Guru Arjun Dev. Causes Religious Bigotry of Jahagir Organization and Development of the Sikh Panth Incitement of jahangir by the Naqshabandis Animosity of Chandu Shah Hostility of Prithia Compilation of Adi Granth Khusro’s Revolt-An Immediate Cause Significance of Guru Arjun’s Martyrdom Transformation of Sikhism Hostile Sikh-Mughal Relations Chapter of Persecution of the Sikhs Opened The Sikh Church Gained Unity and Strength Impact on the Future of Sikh History

Development of Sikhism Guru Hargovind’s new policy-Causes Ideology of Sikhism Development of Sikhism before Guru Hargobind Mughal Government’s Policy of Religious Intolerance Martyrdom of Guru Arjun Dev Parting Message of Guru Arjun Dev Contribution of Jats Features of the new Policy

Features of the new Policy Wearing of two Swords- ‘Miri & Piri’ Adoption of Symbols of Royalty Offerings of Arms and Horses to the Guru Organization of Army Change in the Daily Life of the Guru Construction of Akal Takht Fortification of Amritsar

A Critical Analysis of the New Policy Sikh’s Misunderstandings about the New Policy New Policy- Justified by Circumstances Performance of Religious Duties by the Guru New Policy-not Entircly New Impact of the New Policy

Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur Causes 1. Previous Hostility between the Sikhs and the Mughals 2. Fanaticism of Aurangzeb 3. Influence of the Naqshabandis on AurangZeb 4. The Guru’s Travels for preaching Sikhism 5. Alleged Political and Military Activities of the Guru 6. Hostility of Dhir Mal and Ram Rai 7. Persecution of Kashmiri Pandits Arrest and Martyrdom of the Guru

Significance of Guru Tegh Bahadur’s Martyrdom An Unparalleled Event of History Tradition of Sacrifice for Religion Feelings of Indignation and Revenge in the Punjab Hinduism was Saved Foundation of Khalsa Warfare between the Sikhs and the Mughals

Creation of Khalsa Causes 1.Measures for the Development of Sikhism by the previous nine Gurus 2. Auranzeb’s Atrocities upon the Hindus and Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur 3. Weekness and Cowardice of the Hindus 4. Unreliable Hill Rajas 5. Shackles of Caste 6. Dissenting Sects within Sikhism 7. Decadence of Masand System 8. Influence of the Sikh Jats 9. Mission of the Guru’s Life

Significance of the Creation of the Khalsa Logical Completion of Work begun by Guru Nanak End of Masand System Increasing Importance of the Khalsa Sangats Increase in the number of the Sikhs Infusion of New Spirit among the Sikhs Uplift of Down-trodden People Increasing Importance of Jats in the Sikh Community Successful Resistance of the Mughals Warfare between the Guru and the Hill Rajas Seprate and Independent Entity of Sikh Community Democratic Elements in Sikhism Rise of Political Power of the Sikhs

Banda Singh Bahadur Causes for Banda’s Early Success Religious Zeal of Sikhs Mughal tyranny Leadership of Banda Bahadur Help of Sikhs & Sikh Leaders Administration of Banda Bahadur Business of Mughal Army in Internal wars

Causes of Banda’s Failure Limited Resorrces of Banda Strength of the Mughal Empire Opposition of the Hindu Rulers Rift among the Sikhs Kingly Ways Ill-will of the people of Punjab Sudden Attack of the Imperial forces Desertion of Baba Vinod Singh

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