Identifying a Substance Add the new notes to your table of contents, and then turn to the next clean page and set up your title and date

Using Properties to Identify Matter Each pure substance has physical and chemical properties that can be used to identify them Physical properties can either be size-dependent or size-independent Size-dependent properties of matter vary depending on how much matter there is in an object, examples – mass and volume Size-independent properties of matter are the same for both small and large samples of matter- they do not depend on size, examples – melting point, boiling point, conductivity, state of matter, density, solubility, and magnetism

Size-independent properties can be used to help identify a substance Size-independent properties can be used to help identify a substance. For example: In your notes last week, you used the melting and boiling point of the unknown substance to determine that the graph showed the change of state in Foosium Density is a size-independent property that is often used to identify if two samples of matter are indeed the same substance – no two substances share a density

Archimedes and the Gold Crown

Add size dependent and size independent to your Index Common Size-Dependent and Size-Independent Properties Add size dependent and size independent to your Index

Substances react chemically in characteristic ways, which can also be used to identify substances Soon we will conduct a lab that illustrates this point No two substances can have the same set of physical and chemical properties If two samples of matter have just one different size-independent/identifying property, then they are two different substances

Add chemical equation to your Index Chemical Equations A useful way to understand what happens during a chemical reaction is to write a chemical equation. A chemical equation shows the chemical formula of each substance in the reaction. Parts of a Chemical Equation Add chemical equation to your Index

In a chemical reaction or change, the atoms that make up the original substances are regrouped into different molecules. Whatever elements are present before the change, are still present in the same amounts after the change, however they will be rearranged or regrouped in new ways New substances that result from chemical reactions have different properties from those of the reactants 2Cu + O2 Copper + Oxygen 2CuO Copper Oxide Cu O Cu Cu O O O Cu

Properties of Substances involved 2Cu + O2 Copper + Oxygen 2CuO Copper Oxide Cu O Cu Cu O O O Cu Properties of Substances involved Copper Oxygen Copper Oxide Formula Cu O2 CuO State of Matter solid gas Color reddish brown colorless black/brown powder Melting Point 1,084.62 C -218.79C 1,326C Boiling Point 2,562C -182.962C 2,000C Density 8.96 g/cm3 1.141 g/cm3 6.315 g/cm3

Properties of Substances involved H2 + O Hydrogen + Oxygen H2O water H Properties of Substances involved Hydrogen Oxygen Water Formula H2 O2 H2O State of Matter Gas gas liquid Color colorless colorless- with hint of blue Melting Point -259.16C -218.79C 0.0C Boiling Point -252.879C -182.962C 100C Density 0.07 g/cm3 1.141 g/cm3 1.0 g/cm3

Break for lab and benchmark review

Natural and Synthetic Materials Add the new notes to your table of contents, and then turn to the next clean page and set up your title and date

Natural resources can undergo a chemical process to form synthetic material. methane, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide can be combined chemically to form synthetic fuel. The synthetic fuel would have different characteristic properties than the original pure substances the use of natural resources to form synthetic materials and how these new materials affect society. Examples of new materials could include new medicine, foods, and alternative fuels. Some sources could include journals, articles, brochures, or digital media from government publications and/or private industries. Students will cite some of these sources to support the analysis of evidence that these synthetic materials were formed from natural resources and have an impact on society. They will pay special attention to the precise details of explanations or descriptions of how these new substances affect society. Students will also include relevant information from multiple print and digital sources about these impacts. While gathering this information, they will use search terms effectively, assess the credibility and accuracy of each source, and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation

Structures can be designed to serve particular functions by taking into account properties of different materials and how materials can be shaped and used.

Engineering advances have led to discoveries of important synthetic materials, and scientific discoveries have led to the development of entire industries and engineered systems using these materials.

Technology use varies from region to region and over time.

The uses of technologies (engineered/synthetic materials) and any limitations on their use are driven by individual or societal needs, desires, and values.

The uses of technologies (engineered/synthetic materials) and any limitations on their use are driven by the findings of scientific research and by differences in such factors as climate, natural resources, and economic conditions.