Jews and the Romans In 63 BC The Romans conquered Judah The Romans renamed it Judaea At first allowed the Jews to run Judaea

Rule of King Herod King Herod known for the additions made to the temple in Jerusalem After Herod died he was replace by Roman officials Jews divided on how to deal with the Romans Pg 100

Rule of King Herod Pharisees – taught the Torah and how it applied to daily life Taught in synagogues One tradition taught was the oral traditions and helping obey the commandments Pg 100

Rule of King Herod Sadduces- were concerned how the Torah applied to priests in the temple Did not agree with the Pharisees teachings Emphasized the written law and commandments 5th Pg 100

Rule of King Herod A third group Essenes- Broke away from the temple in Jerusalem. Waited in the desert for God to deliver them from the Romans Dead sea scrolls discovered in 1947 may have been written by the Essenes 3-3B

Dead Sea Scrolls The Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered in eleven caves along the northwest shore of the Dead Sea between the years 1947 and 1956

Dead Sea Scrolls In all, scholars have identified the remains of about 825 to 870 separate scrolls. The Scrolls are for the most part, written in Hebrew, but there are many written in Aramaic.

Dead Sea Scrolls The Scrolls appear to be the library of a Jewish sect. The library was hidden away in caves around the outbreak of the First Jewish Revolt (A.D. 66-70) as the Roman army advanced against the rebel Jews.

Dead Sea Scrolls One of the most curious scrolls is the Copper Scroll. Discovered in Cave 3, this scroll records a list of 64 underground hiding places throughout the land of Israel. The deposits are to contain certain amounts of gold, silver, aromatics, and manuscripts. These are believed to be treasures from the Temple at Jerusalem, that were hidden away for safekeeping.

Jewish Revolts During the AD 60’s Jewish hatred of the Romans was at its peak. Many Jews at that time were waiting for the Messiah. Messiah- deliverer sent from God Pg 101

Jewish Revolts Other Jews known as Zealots wanted to fight the Romans Zealots-Those that wanted to fight the Romans Pg 101

Jewish Revolts In AD 66 the Zealots drove the Romans from Jerusalem, however the Romans retook Jerusalem 4 years later.

Jewish Revolts The Romans killed thousands of Jews and destroyed the temple in Jerusalem

Jewish Revolts In Ad 132 the Jews revolted again, and 3 years later the Romans crushed the revolt. This time the Romans did not allow the Jews to Live in or visit Jerusalem

Jewish Revolts The Romans began calling Judah Palestine The name refers to the Philistines whom the Jews had conquered earlier in their history.

Jewish Teachers After losing Judah the Jews did survive. No longer having priests they had Rabbis Rabbi- teacher of the Torah.

Jewish Teachers One of the most famous Rabbis was Yohanan ben Zaccai He made sure the study of the Torah continued He founded a center for Torah studies In Northern Palestine. Pg 102

Jewish Teachers The Rabbis wanted to save and pass on the teachings and traditions of the Torah They combined the teachings into books called commentaries

Jewish Teachers The most important commentary is the Talmud Talmud- deals with almost all aspects of daily life to include agriculture, feasts, prayer, and marriages Pg 102

Over time For 2000 years Jews lived outside of Palestine. Made many and notable contributions to commerce, professions, however have and even to this day faced hatred and persecutions

Over time In 1947 Palestine was partitioned by the United Nations A new Jewish nation was created in 1948 called Israel

review What was Diaspora? Who was Yohanan Ben Zaccai, and why was he important? What was education like within a Jewish family? Describe the differences among the Pharisees, Sadduces, and Essenes.