Anatomy and Physiology 12/9/2013

Time Line 11/4 Introductions/Rules/Integumentary pre-test 11/11 Integumentary System (pg14-31) 11/18 Integumentary System(pg14-31) 12/2 Nervous System (1-13) 12/9 Nervous System (1-13) 12/16 Immune System (32-45) 1/6 Immune System(32-45) 1/14 Wright State Invitational

Prosopagnosia (Face blindness) Unable to piece together features in to a recognizable face Fusiform gyrus usually affected Part of temporal and occipital lobe Have very difficult time telling people apart

Taste Each mouth has around 10,000 taste buds Five primary tastes Sour Sweet Bitter Salt Umami

Taste Each taste bud has 50-100 specialized cells Each receptor cell has a tiny hair that sticks out of the cell and tests for chemicals in the saliva Once stimulated taste hairs send an impulse to your brain Each taste hair responds best to one of the five tastes

Smell We are able to detect thousands of different smells. Olfactory receptors occupy a stamp sized area of the nasal cavity. Tiny hairs dangle from olfactory cells which are covered in mucous When chemicals dissolve in mucous they can activate the receptors A few molecules is enough Easily fatigued (get used to smells)

Smell Smells are strongly linked to memory Impulses are directly connected with limbic system (the part of you nervous system that processes emotion) Usually like or dislike a smell Smells leave long lasting impressions strongly linked to memory Smell is a large component of what we think of as taste. Hot food and cold food taste different

Skin Receptors Meissner’s Corpuscule Paccinian’s Corpuscule Light touch receptor Found on sensitive areas of the body Palms, soles, lips, eye lids, external genitals, and nipples Paccinian’s Corpuscule Heavy Pressure Pressure and vibration changes deep in skin 14 per square centimeter of skin Pain receptors Most numerous at around 200 per square centimeter of skin

Thermoreceptors Most prevalent on face and ears 6 cold receptors for every hot receptor Cold receptors Active when skin temperature is less than 95○F but greater than 41○F, but most active at 77 ○ F. Hot receptors Active when skin temperature rises above 86 ○ F and most stimulated at 113 ○ F Beyond 113 ○ F pain receptors take over

Epilepsy Chronic neurological disease that is characterized by seizures Seizures are physical changes in behavior that occur as a result of abnormal electrical activity in the brain Gran-mal seizure is most well known kind of seizure Complex partial seizures can affect the consciousness Treatment Medication Vagus nerve stimulation Brain surgery

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Autoimmune disease Affects brain and spinal cord Body destroys myelin sheath of axons Interferes with communication MS can affect Vision Sensation Coordination Movement Bladder and bowel control

Shingles Resurfacing of the chicken-pox virus (herpes zoster) Symptoms include a painful blistering rash that tend to occur in lines around the body Virus remains dormant in ganglia and upon reawakening can travel along the affected nerves Viral reawakening happens in times of immune system suppression such as illness, stress, or during aging.

Nervous system and drugs Nicotine http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HlcIKekEldg Marijuana http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeF6rFN9org Alcohol http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkpz7xFTWJo Caffeine http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbuCmO8Bwhs