Science Topic: Physics Jets in Flight Science Topic: Physics

Designing a Navy Jet Fighter

Lesson Objectives Understand the Engineering Design Process Comprehend the basic principles of flight Apply the Engineering Design Process to aircraft design

Navy Aviation

Lesson Goal Apply the principles of flight and the engineering design process to design and construct three models of paper airplanes. Fastest plane Slowest plane Travel the greatest distance

Lesson Organization Part 1: Understanding and applying the basic principles of flight Part 2: Building a working prototype of three paper planes (fastest, slowest, travel greatest distance)

Vital for Flight

Part 1: The Principles of Flight Forces acting on an aircraft in flight Thrust: the force that propels an aircraft forward Drag: air resistance that produces a force in the opposite direction of thrust Weight: gravitational force Lift: upward force acting in the opposite direction of weight

FL- Force of Lift FE- Weight FD- Drag

FL- Lift FD- Drag FE- Weight Flight is achieved by shifting the balance between the opposing forces FL- Lift FE- Weight FD- Drag

Thrust is produced in one of two ways: Transfer of momentum when gases are ejected to the rear of the plane through jet engines Launching a plane with a catapult from the deck of an aircraft carrier

Take out a sheet of paper Hold it portrait style at both sides Blow over the surface of the paper Make your observations, draw a diagram, and write questions and answers *What happens to the paper as the air flow increases speed? *Why is this happening?

Lift is the upward force created as air passes over and beneath the wings of an aircraft

Bernoulli’s Principle: 1. Fast moving air at the top edge of the wing creates a zone of low pressure

Bernoulli’s Principle: 2. Slow moving air along the bottom edge of the wing has the same pressure as the air at the front of the wing (Ambient Pressure)

FL- Lift Bernoulli’s Principle: 3. The difference in pressure creates the force of lift FL- Lift

Lift Momentum: additional upward force is generated incoming air deflects off the bottom of the wing and transfers momentum to the wing FL- Lift

Part 2: Designing a Prototype You are an engineer tasked with building three paper plane prototypes. The prototypes will be planes that can fly the fastest, slowest, and the greatest distance. The Navy plans to use these models in covert operations to collect intelligence. You may use only approved materials provided by the Navy as described in the Resources List. Maintain a record of your design process on your lab sheet for post-Design assessment and presentation.

Resources List Scrap/notebook paper for initial design ideas and brain storming 3 sheets of copy paper for prototypes 3 jumbo paper clips 1 ruler 1 timer 1 pair of scissors 1 straw Pieces of tape

Total Project Points=45 points! Project Design Requirements 3 total drawings, one of each plane, include labels and measurements (metric) 5 points for each, total=15 points Data table of each plane with flight data (see next slide) 5 points for each, total =15 points 3 paragraph summaries (one for each design): What changes did you have to make to each plane to improve its performance? (include drawings and explanations of why and how changes affected results) 5 points for each, total =15 points Total Project Points=45 points!

Do 3 data tables: fastest plane, slowest plane, longest distance Data Table of Fastest Plane Trial Number Distance traveled (meters) Time (seconds) Speed (speed=distance/time) 1 2 3 Average Speed= (speed 1 +speed 2+ speed 3)/3 Do 3 data tables: fastest plane, slowest plane, longest distance

Resources http://www.av8n.com/how/htm/4forces.html http://www.aerotraining.com/reference/AC%2061-23C_Chapter_1_Canada.pdf http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/BGA/Sheri/the_lift_equation_act.htm http://www.fighter-planes.com/info/f18.ht http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/foil2.html Thrust of the F/A-18C is 17,700 pounds (8,027 kg) and weight is 51,900 pounds (23,537 kg). See other data for the F/A- 18C at http://www.fighter-planes.com/info/f18.htm.