This or That?

1. Credited with the theory of natural selection This or That? 1. Credited with the theory of natural selection A. Robert Hooke B. Charles Darwin

This or That? 2. A. Mutation B. Gene Flow

This or That? 3 A)Genetic Variation B) Clones

This or That? 4. A) Aesxual Reproduction B) Sexual Reproduction

This or That? 5. A) Genetic Drift B) Gene Flow

This or That? 6. A) Selective Breeding B) Natural Selection

This or That? 7. A) Extinction B) Speciation

This or That? Youngest Oldest 8. A) Absolute Dating B) Relative Dating

This or That? 9. A) Paleontology B) Embryology

This or That? 10. A) Homologous Structures B) Vestigial Structures

This or That? 11. A) Natural Selection B) Artificial Selection

Mutation A change in a DNA sequence, usually occurring because of errors in replication or repair. Mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation.

Migration or Gene FLow The chance of an individual migrating to another population and sharing it’s genes there.

Genetic Drift The drift over time of allele frequencies in a population due to random sampling effects forming successive generations.

Natural Selection A process of evolution in which traits that result in better fitness of an individual survives to the next generation.

Charles Darwin ___________________ – credited with the theory of natural selection

Evidence that supports the theory of Evolution Fossil Records Geographic Distribution Ebryology Homologous Structures Vestigial Structures Biochemistry Artificial Selection

VII. Natural Selection- process by which organisms with beneficial traits will more likely survive long enough to reproduce and pass on those beneficial traits. Natural Selection- Works much like artificial selection, but the environment “selects” the best traits. A. Causes Survival of the fittest! B. Fitness is a result of adaptation. Fitness= the ability of an individual to survive Adaptation= an inherited characteristic that increases the chance of survival

Natural selection– environment “selects” traits

VIII. How does survival of the fittest work?” The organism that is most capable of surviving and passing its genes on in an environment will do so. This will cause those genes to be more dominant in a population.

IX. Darwins 5 Points 1. Variation– populations have differences DNA mutations are the ultimate source of variation in organisms These mutations are part if the organism’s genetics, and are passed on to its offspring

1. Variation- dark and light mice

What else can cause variation other than mutations? Migration- introduces new traits and variation with in a population

2. Some variations are favorable IX. Darwins 5 Points 2. Some variations are favorable Favorable variations are those that give an organism an advantage to reproduce in a certain environment

2. Favorable Trait- dark color

3. Overproduction – More offspring are produced than survive IX. Darwins 5 Points 3. Overproduction – More offspring are produced than survive

3. Overproduction

3. Overproduction – More offspring are produced than survive IX. Darwins 5 Points 3. Overproduction – More offspring are produced than survive

IX. Darwins 5 Points 4. Adaptation – those that survive are the ones with the favorable traits

Chameleon Chameleon

4.Camoflague is an adaptation

IX. Darwins 5 Points 5. Selection – the population will change over time as a result of passing inheritable traits from adaptations

…And the population will will include darker mice over time. 5. Natural selection selects for the darker mouse and against the white mouse …And the population will will include darker mice over time.

There are two variations in rabbits: some strictly eat grass and some strictly eat berries and flowers. A drought occurs one year, and the plants have difficulty producing any extras (flowers, berries, etc.).They can only try and keep themselves green. The rabbits have had babies all year long but many are eaten by foxes or hawks. Due to the drought, many have starved to death. What rabbit will natural selection select AGAINST? ______________ FOR?______________ Population has variations. Some variations are favorable. More offspring are produced than survive.__________________________________________ Those that survive have favorable traits. A population will change over time.

1)There are 2 variations in worms: worms that eat at night (nocturnal) and worms that eat during the day (diurnal). The birds eat during the day and seem to be eating ONLY the diurnal worms. The nocturnal worms are in their burrows during this time. Each spring when the worms reproduce, they have about 500 babies but only 100 of these 500 ever become old enough to reproduce. a. What worm has natural selection selected AGAINST? ______________ FOR? _____________ Darwin's 5 points: Identify the 5 points in the scenario above. Population has variations. _________________________________________________________________ Some variations are favorable. _____________________________________________________________ More offspring are produced than survive._________________________________________________ Those that survive have favorable traits. ____________________________________________________ A population will change over time. ________________________________________________________

2) There are 3 variations in polar bears: thick coats, thin coats and medium coats. It is fall, soon to be winter. The temperatures are dropping rapidly and the bears must be kept warm, or they will freeze to death. Many of the bears have had ~2 cubs each but due to the extreme temperatures, many mothers only have one cub left. a. What bear will natural selection select AGAINST? ______________ FOR? ______________ Darwin's 5 points: Identify the 5 points in the scenario above. Population has variations. _________________________________________________________________ Some variations are favorable. _____________________________________________________________ More offspring are produced than survive._________________________________________________ Those that survive have favorable traits. ____________________________________________________ A population will change over time. ________________________________________________________

3) In ostriches, there are 2 variations: ones that run fast and those that run slowly. The fast birds can reach up to 40 miles an hour. Jackals love to eat ostrich, and they can reach speeds of up to 35-40 miles per hour. A flock of ostrich will lay ~ 10 eggs (each mother only lays 1), but many rodents break into the eggs and eat the fetus before they hatch. a. What ostrich will natural selection select AGAINST? __________ FOR? _____________ Darwin's 5 points: Identify the 5 points in the scenario above. Population has variations. _________________________________________________________________ Some variations are favorable. _____________________________________________________________ More offspring are produced than survive._________________________________________________ Those that survive have favorable traits. ____________________________________________________ A population will change over time. ________________________________________________________