Oceanography Oceanographers use science and mathematics to study and explain the complex interactions between seawater, fresh water, polar ice caps, the atmosphere and the biosphere.

Oceanographer Oceanography incorporates many fields of science, including chemistry, biology, geology, and physics. Oceanographers specialize into one of these areas marine geologists - studying the ocean basins marine chemists - determining the chemical composition of water or sediments marine physicists - studying the properties of currents, waves and tides marine biologists - describing marine life and how organisms interact with their environment

Scuba Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus Gear includes mask, fins, snorkel, depth gauge, tank-pressure gauge, underwater timer and compass, buoyancy compensator vest, regulator & octopus, wetsuit, underwater light, backup light, and diving knife.

ALVIN Alvin is a human occupied submersible that scientists use to explore the deep ocean.

Decompression Chamber: A compartment where atmospheric pressure can be raised or lowered gradually

ROV Remotely Operated Vehicle – underwater remote control robot used to make observations and take pictures of the deep ocean.

Echo Sounder Used to determine ocean depth by the bouncing of sound waves.

SONAR- SOund NAvigation Ranging Detects distance by bouncing sound waves off targets Usually used with targets like fish or other boats, but can also be used to determine ocean depth

Ocean comes from the Greek word "okeanus" meaning circular stream that flows around the edge of the Earth.

Where are the Oceans? We have 5 oceans known today: Pacific Atlantic Indian Arctic Antarctic/ Southern. The Pacific Ocean is the largest, the Arctic Ocean is the smallest.

North and South Pacific and Atlantic Oceans We will be breaking apart the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean into North and South when we talk about these oceans in class because they behave very differently depending on whether or not they are north or south of the equator.

Demonstration Why did the egg sink in the first beaker and float in the second beaker? Discuss it with your group and be ready to share!

Density! The water in the first beaker was freshwater and the water in the second beaker was saltwater. The density of saltwater is 1.025 g/mL, more than the density of water (1.0 g/mL) Therefore The eggs density was more than that or water( so it sank) The eggs density was less than that of the saltwater's, (so it floated).

Where does the salt in the ocean come from? Think about all of the different features on land and on the bottom of the ocean and discuss your hypothesis with your group? Dissolved chemicals eroded from the Earth’s crust Volcanic Ejections moved by wind Hydrothermal vents

Where salt in the Ocean Comes from…

Dissolved Gases The ocean dissolves many of the gases found in the atmosphere like … Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon dioxide The colder the water the more dissolved gases there are in it.

Temperature Zones Temperature of ocean water decreases as depth increases.

Surface Temperature Changes The surface temperature of the ocean is warmer along the equator because that area of the ocean gets more direct sunlight.

Surface Temperature Changes The surface temperature in the hemispheres is warmer during their summer season.

A Global Thermostat Water has a high specific heat!!!! It holds in and absorbs energy from the sun This function regulates temperatures in the atmosphere and is perhaps the most important function of the ocean.

A Global Thermostat The Ocean absorbs and releases heat in the atmosphere much more slowly than the land. If it weren’t for this property, temperatures would fluctuate greatly and violently on our planet and life would be hard to sustain.

A Global Thermostat The ocean regulates temperatures at different locations on the Earth. Currents help move warm water to the poles This is why some coastal areas have a warmer climate.