1. How can an individual have a positive influence on society. 2 1. How can an individual have a positive influence on society? 2. How can religion have a positive influence on society?

55 B.C. – A.D. 409: ROMAN OCCUPATION Roman conquerors invade with Julius Caesar (Stayed for 400 yrs.) They built strong armies that kept them safe from serious invasions for several hundred years. They also built roads and a 73 mile long fortification to keep invaders out. Christianity gradually was taking hold. Romans withdrew completely in A.D. 409 – Leaving Britain with no government (Vulnerable to invasions by the non- Christian peoples from the Germanic regions.)

Anglo-Saxon: A.D. 449-1066 The Anglo-Saxons drove the Britons to the perimeter of the country and imposed their language and warrior culture on most of Britain. Anglo-Saxons: Tight communities, Storytellers The Scops played the invaluable role of community preservationists, celebrating the heroes of their culture. Scops: Scops were both composers and storytellers who traveled from court to court — the entertainers of Anglo-Saxon times. Scops were expected to know a broad repertoire of tales

Angles, Saxons, and Jutes Angles and Saxons from Germany and Jutes from Denmark crossed the North Sea and invaded the once Roman controlled land. They drove out the old Britons and settled over most of Britain, quickly making their language the most dominant in the land, leading to it’s new name “England”. Christianity and its growth in England is what unified the people and truly made them ONE NATION. Under Christianity the Anglo Saxons fought to protect their people, their culture and their church from the DANES (fierce Vikings who crossed the North Sea in their “dragon powered boats” destroying anyone in their path.)

The Norman Invasion (1066) Both the Danes and the Anglo Saxons were eventually defeated by William, Duke of Normandy, and his invading force from France “William the Conqueror crossed the English Channel in 1066 and defeated Anglo-Saxon Armies at The Battle of Hastings. This invasion is often referred to as the Norman Conquest. (Considered one of the pivotal events in world history)

Important Anglo-Saxon literary device: 1. KENNING: Kenning is usually a two-word metaphorical name for something, such as “sea-road” for ocean. When neither element of the compound is a true name of the object, it is a true kenning; when one element is not a true name, it is a half-kenning. 2. Epithet: an adjective or descriptive phrase expressing a quality characteristic of the person or thing mentioned. Catherine the Great

Kenning Practice: sky-candle (the sun) swan-road (the river) stout-hearted (brave) battle sweat (blood) light-of-battle (sword) helmet bearers (warriors) giver of gold (king) earth-hall (burial mound, barrow) dwelling place (home)

Modern Kennings? 1. Gas Guzzler Web surfer Rug rat Land line Eye Candy Cancer Stick Couch Potato

Watch and take notes: Anglo-Saxon Invasion

Directions: Decide whether you agree or disagree with the following statements. Then explain your choices. 1. Stronger people should stand up and look out for weaker people. 2. Stronger countries should fight to help weak countries. 3. Sometimes war is necessary. 4. If our country was invaded, I would be willing to fight. 5. I would fight to protect my family. 6. One does not need the love of his people to be a great leader. 7. Knowing the right people is the best way to get respect. 9. Men have a duty to protect women. 10. If you walk away from a fight it shows you are less manly than someone who stands up and fights.. 11. Good always triumphs over evil

Archetype: Archetypes are an image, story pattern, or character type which recurs frequently and evokes strong associations in the reader. For example, the wicked witch, the enchanted prince, the sleeping beauty, and the fairy godmother are widely dispersed throughout folk literature and appear in slightly different forms in poetry, drama, and novels.

Archetype: Hero Examples: Moses, Robin Hood, Hercules. To TEST the hero. To GUIDE the hero. Examples: Moses, Robin Hood, Hercules.

Anglo-Saxon Heroes Beowulf, Gilgamesh, and Hector are epic heroes with the characteristics of going on a journey and risking death for the glory and for the greater good of society. Epic: a long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the history of a nation.

Anglo-Saxon Hero Attributes Hero = Warrior Exclusively male Has strength and courage beyond the average person Humble/Honorable Thick Skin (Lack of emotions)

Modern Day Hero Attributes Courage Selflessness Technology Savy Caring Patient Strong Immortal Male/Female Supernatural abilities

Hero Archetype assignment part 1  You will now choose a hero based story that you are familiar with (from literature, from film, from comics, etc.) and list the archetypes that can be found in it. You are required to have at least 12 categories of “archetypes” from that story. (see handout for types of archetypes.) BUT FIRST: Lets look at an example! (Shrek)

The Hero’s Journey Joseph Campbell, an American mythological researcher, wrote a famous book entitled “The Hero with a Thousand Faces”. In his lifelong research Campbell discovered many common patterns running through hero myths and stories from around the world. Years of research lead Campbell to discover several basic stages that almost every hero - quest goes through (no matter what culture the myth is a part of). He calls this common structure “the monomyth.”

Star Wars George Lucas, the creator of Star Wars, claims that Campbell’s monomyth was the inspiration for his groundbreaking films. Lucas also believes that Star Wars is such a popular saga because it taps into a timeless story -structure which has existed for thousands of years.

Ordinary Start! Heroes exist in a world is considered ordinary or uneventful by those who live there. Often the heroes are considered odd by those in the ordinary world and possess some ability or characteristic that makes them feel out – of -place. Examples: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz: Dorothy in Kansas The Hobbit: Bilbo Baggins in Hobbiton Star Wars: Luke Skywalker on Tatooine The Lion King: Simba at Pride Roc

THE CALL TO ADVENTURE For heroes to begin their journeys, they must be called away from the ordinary world. Most heroes show a reluctance to leave their home, their friends, and their life to journey on a quest. But in the end they accept their destiny. Usually there is a discovery, some event, or some danger that starts them on the heroic path. Examples: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz: The tornado The Hobbit: Gandalf the wizard arrives Star Wars: R2D2’s cryptic message

SUPERNATURAL AID Supernatural doesn’t have to mean magical. There are plenty of hero stories that don’t have wizards or witches per say. Supernatural simply means “above the laws of nature.” This supernatural character often gives them the means to complete the quest. Some of the time the gift is simply wisdom. Other times it is an object with magical powers. Examples: The Hobbit: Gandalf Star Wars: Obi-Wan Kenobi Cinderella: Fairy Godmother

ALLIES/HELPERS Every hero needs a helper, much like every superhero needs a sidekick. Examples: The Wizard of Oz: The Tin Woodsman, Scarecrow, and Cowardly Lion

TESTS & THE SUPREME ORDEAL The heroes progress through a series of tests, a set of obstacles that make them stronger, preparing them for their final showdown. At long last they reach the Supreme Ordeal, the obstacle they have journeyed so far to overcome. Once this obstacle is overcome, the tension will be relieved. The worst is passed, and the quest, while not officially over, has succeeded. Examples: Star Wars: Blowing up the Death Star Lord of the Rings: Mount Doom The Wizard of Oz: Defeating the Wicked Witch

REWARD AND THE JOURNEY HOME Typically, there is a reward given to heroes for passing the Supreme Ordeal. It could be a kingdom. It could be the hand of a beautiful princess. It could be the Holy Grail. Examples: The Hobbit: The Battle of Five Armies The Lord of the Rings: Return to Hobbiton

Hero’s Journey Assignment Part 2  Part one of this assignment was to take a hero’s story and connect it to other archetypes. Now that you’ve analyzed the story according to archetypes, you must analyze that SAME story/character according to the Hero’s Journey. Your job is to take a white sheet of paper, DRAW the hero’s journey and fill in each of the steps according to your hero’s journey. Make this clean, neat, and creative. I want to see NEAT handwriting, COLOR, Images are a bonus  This is due at the end of class! 