Cinematography Module - CIN303 – Week 02 John Deery Deery-J5@email.ulster.ac.uk GONZÁLEZ IÑÁRRITU, A., et al. (2015). Birdman, or, (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance).

Using Cameras and Lenses Sony PXW – X70 Sony Z-150 Canon C100 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hdFz2x_OvcA

Using Cameras and Lenses Terminology Frame Rate – Frames Per Second (24 FPS) Resolution – 1920 x 1080 px (Full HD) Shutter Speed – Double the Frame rate for ‘normal’ cinematic motion (1/48) Aperture – Width of lens opening (F stop) ISO – Sensitivity to Light Depth of Field (DOF) – shallow focus

Shutter Speed Using Cameras and Lenses Fast Shutter Speed Motion Frozen 1/1000th of a second Jittery/ Staccato Medium Shutter Speed Motion Slightly Blurred 1/50th of a second Normal Motion Blur at 24fps Slow Shutter Speed Motion Blurred 1/30th of a second Blurry motion

Using Cameras and Lenses Frame Rate – How many frames a camera captures per second – FPS Shutter Speed – How long each of those frames is exposed for – Faster Shutter speeds have no motion blur. ‘Normal’ motion blur in cinematography Is achieved by doubling the frame rate - Normal Frame Rate is 24 FPS , so Shutter speed should be 1/48 (1/50) https://vimeo.com/blog/post/frame-rate-vs-shutter-speed-setting-the-record-str

Using Cameras and Lenses Aperture How Wide the lens is open, letting light in. Measured in F Stops – Closer to Zero is wide open Controls DOF (Depth of Field) Cinematographers normally use f2.8, f4 etc

Using Cameras and Lenses Cine Prime Lenses Fixed Focal Length (No Zoom) Very Sharp Excellent Lenses Telephoto Lenses Zoom Lenses Allow a range of focal lengths Flexible range of shots Not as sharp in general

Using Cameras and Lenses Depth of Field DOF Shallow DOF Wide Aperture – f1.8, f2, Low numbers Subject sharp Background Blurry

Using Cameras and Lenses Hyperfocal Distance

Using Cameras and Lenses ISO - Sensitivity Makes your camera more sensitive to light. Low numbers like ISO 100 and ISO 200 give very clean images As you increase ISO you encounter Noise or Grain in your images High ISOs (6400) can be very noisy and should be avoided where possible

Cinematography Framing and Composition Rule of Thirds Divide frame into thirds - Place main focal point at intersection or along a line. Allows for movement and sense of space

Cinematography Framing and Composition Centre Framing Makes a subject appear more imposing or direct, can make someone seemed trapped, provides symmetry

Cinematography Framing and Composition Centre Framing Makes a subject appear more imposing or direct, can make someone seemed trapped, provides symmetry

Cinematography Framing and Composition Centre Framing Makes a subject appear more imposing or direct, can make someone seemed trapped, provides symmetry

Leading Lines, Geometric Shapes and Patterns Cinematography Framing and Composition Symmetry Leading Lines, Geometric Shapes and Patterns

Cinematography Framing and Composition Low Camera Angle Low angle shots make the actors seem bigger, more imposing and intimidating, looming down on the audience

Cinematography Framing and Composition Low Camera Angle Low angle shots make the actors seem bigger, more imposing and intimidating, looming down on the audience

Cinematography Framing and Composition High Camera Angle High angle shots can make a subject seem smaller, isolated or lost, it can make you feel removed from the scene, CCTV

Cinematography Framing and Composition Eye Level Eye Level shots draw you directly into the scene and engage you in the action on screen, conversations, confrontations.