Inventory of electronic Point-of-Sale systems from http://www.jrc.es/cfapp/invent/list.cfm Avant – Finland, real Point of Sale system - e-purse chipcard - disposable or reloadable at ATMs or over the Internet - Jan 2001 – half a million customers Beenz – incentive-based “currency” delivered by and used with online merchants in US and UK - Merchants pay 1 cent per been, and merchants can redeem accumulated beenz with beenz.com for half a cent each - 1 Million beenz users in December 2000 - over 1.5 billion beenz in circulation ($7.5 Million worth) Bibit – Internationally deployed international payments facilitator offering Internet multi-currency payments Bluetooth – offers local area low power radio link between devices

CEPS - Common Electronic Purse Specifications CheckFree – SSL based system for electronic bill payment - Centered in US, allowing 4.1 million customers to pay bills electronically Chipknip – Netherlands, e-purse combined with debit card - 13.5 Million cards issued, 190,000 POS terminals Chipper – Netherlands, compatible now with Chipknip 20 million cards issued. Recently announced that chipper will gradually be taken out of the market Click&Pay Net900 – Germany, through Deutsche Telekom - MicroBilling for purchasing internet content - Clicking on pay links invoke a charge on your phone bill Clikpay –Ireland, links customer directly to Bank of Ireland’s server, where credit card information is entered over SSL connection. Bank informs merchant of successful payment

CLIP – targeted for low-value transactions (under 25 Euro) - from EuroPay - 20 million cards have Clip branding in Germany and Spain CVC code (card verification code) – to reduce credit card fraud - starting April 2001, UK VISA and worldwide MasterCard cards will have a 3-digit code printed over the magnetic strip for use in card-not-present (mail order/telephone order) transactions CyberCash – now basically of historical interest, one of the original micropayment schemes Danmønt (Dancoin) – prepaid chip card for small value payments DigiGold – open source based scheme - DigiGold is exchanged in grams, backed by grams of e-gold E-gold Ltd. – Issues e-gold 100% backed by gold bullion in allocated storage, basically a Central Bank that issues four types of metal-based currencies - total of 4 kg of e-gold in world-wide circulation

e-port – virtual POS in Moscow - prepaid scratch cards for online payment Earthport – server-based wallet - partnered with Egg (online bank) Ecash (DigiCash) – defunct eCharge Phone – virtual POS, phone company handles billing electronic giro – Finland – use of e-banking for online payments EMPS – electronic mobile payment services, Finland, pilot only Fundamo - South Africa, Europe - Real and virtual POS, pilot underway in South Africa - Allows payments from mobile-to-mobile, mobile-to-POS, mobile to internet. Geldkarte – e-purse of the German banks - approx ½ million cards, - monthly transactions valued at over 6 million Euros GiSMo - Gismo allows account-based payments for internet shopping, but using a GSM phone to verify the buyer's identity and authorize the transaction

Internetcash – USA - prepaid stored value card (value is stored on server, activated using the PIN number on the card) - web sites accepting Internetcash allow the user to pay, micropayments can be as low as 50 cents. Leonia Online Credit Card Payment – customer and merchant must both deal with the bank – since the bank knows the customer’s details, no card information is sent over the internet, money is transferred between accounts at the bank Magex – secure digital content download and payment over the internet including digital rights management and micropayments Metax – unmanned petrol pumps in Denmark paid by mobil phones and billed to credit card account Millicent – Japan, micropayment scheme Mobilix Open Mobile Payment – credit/debit card payment over a mobile phone, initially for prepaid airtime packages Denmark (700,000 targeted users)

Mondex – stored value card, money transferable between cards Movilpago – low value payment services via mobile phone for POS and internet shopping Spain initially, but targeted for 30 counties Octopus Card – Hong Kong - transit system card initially - Multi-modal contactless transportation ticket reloadable electronically, combined with an e-purse. Odysseo – new wallet for credit-card based micropayments online Open Plan – UK online banking via PC or mobile phone Paiement CB sur mobile – France - Debit/credit card payment over dual-slot mobile phone Pay.gov – USA - Internet payment scheme (portal and transaction engine) allowing Americans consumers and businesses to pay government fees, fines and certain taxes; making payments on loans and leases; making donations; and obtaining certain forms and documents.

Paybox – Germany, other countries to follow - Real and virtual POS payment via mobile phone Paysafecard – Austria, Germany is next (summer 2001) - disposable prepaid stored value card for internet payments - suitable for micropayments SET (Secure Electronic Transaction) – Europe - 21 countries, Asia/Pacific - 9 countries Solo – Finland, Sweden – internet banking Sonera Mobile Pay – Finland, mobile payment - pilots ongoing TELEpay Light – Italy, uses SSL 128-bit to transfer credit card data Worldpay – Bank-centric multi-currency payment system based on credit and debit card - enables card payments made over the Internet to link with existing bank clearing systems - accepts 160 currencies from customers and settles in 76 currencies