Electric-Heat Equipment

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Presentation transcript:

Electric-Heat Equipment Unit 3 Electric-Heat Equipment

OBJECTIVES Calculate the current draw of an electric-heat system. After studying this Unit, the student should be able to: Calculate the current draw of an electric-heat system. Convert the current draw to the Btu rating of an electric-heat system. Estimate the current draw of an electric heating element from the resistance of the element.

INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRIC HEAT The potential for heat in electricity is expressed in the formula: P = I x E Where P = Power, expressed in watts I = Amperage, expressed in amperes. E = Electromotive force, expressed in volts

INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRIC HEAT Coils of Nickel Chromium (Nichrome) wire - Do not conduct electricity well - Resistance produces heat Efficient but expensive Very little loss of energy Building insulation reduces energy costs

Transfer heat by radiation Radiant heat dissipates quickly PORTABLE ELECTRIC HEATING DEVICES Transfer heat by radiation Radiant heat dissipates quickly Heat concentration decreases by the square of the distance Forced convection heaters use fans or blowers

RADIANT HEATING PANELS Used in residential and light commercial applications Often made of gypsum board with heating circuits located throughout the board Controlled with line voltage thermostats Insulation must be installed behind the boards Produces a very even heat

RADIANT HEATING PANELS Ceiling of Structure Insulation Gypsum Board with Wire Heating Circuits Thermostat Line Voltage

ELECTRIC BASEBOARD Used for individual areas Uses a finned element to increase the heat transfer surface Thermostatically controlled Thermostats are line-voltage devices Located on exterior walls Natural draft devices

ELECTRIC HEATING ELEMENT FINS TO INCREASE HEAT TRANSFER SURFACE

ELECTRIC HYDRONIC BOILERS Similar in operation to a domestic water heater, although use different controls and safety devices Uses a pump to circulate water Very efficient Easy to troubleshoot and repair

CENTRAL FORCED-AIR ELECTRIC FURNACES Duct system distributes heated air Thermostat controlled Individual duct heaters can be used Blower must operate in order for heaters to be energized Nichrome heating elements insulated with ceramic material

AIRFLOW IN ELECTRIC FURNACES Qs = Sensible heat load Qs = 1.08 x cfm x TD (across furnace) Watts = Amperes x Volts (Ohm’s Law) Btuh = Watts x 3.413

Unit Summary Electric heaters use Nichrome wire Electric heat is very efficient but often expensive Can be portable heating units, radiant heating panels, baseboard or part of an electric furnace Electric hydronic boilers operate in a manner similar to electric water heaters Electric furnace controls include thermostats, relays, contactors, sequencers, limit switches and fusible links