The Cell Cycle Notes

Put notes in composition book A Put notes in composition book A.The cell cycle- series of events that take place from one cell division to the next. 1. Interphase- growth and development. The cell duplicates its chromosomes.

B. Mitosis- process in which the nucleus divides to form two identical nuclei. 1. Prophase- nucleolus and nuclear membrane will disappear. Centrioles move to opposite ends of cell. Spindle fibers begin to stretch across the cell.

2. Metaphase- pairs of chromatids line up across the middle of the cell. 3. Anaphase-each centromere divides, each pair of chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. 4. Telophase- spindle fibers dissappear and a new nucleus forms.

C. Result of mitosis- each cell in your body, except sex cells has a nucleus with 46 chromosomes. Allows growth and replaces worn out or damaged cells. These cells are diploid because they have 46 chromosomes (23 pair of chromosomes)

Asexual and Sexual Reproduction Foldable

Asexual and Sexual Foldable On asexual flap: I can describe asexual reproduction.

A. Asexual reproduction- (inside foldable at the top) one makes two

1. Mitosis- Cell process in which the nucleus divides to form two nuclei identical to each other, and identical to the original nucleus, in a series of steps (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase)

2. Asexual reproduction- A type of reproduction- fission, budding, and regeneration- in which a new organism is produced from one organism and has DNA identical to the parent organism. Examples: plants

3. Budding- a new organism is growing from the body of the parent organism.

4. Regeneration- a new organism grows from part of the parent.

I can compare and contrast asexual and sexual reproduction. On sexual flap: I can describe sexual reproduction. I can explain how sex cells carry genetic information. Above the foldable: I can compare and contrast asexual and sexual reproduction.

B. Sexual Reproduction- (at the top on the right side of foldable) two makes one

1. Meiosis- reproductive process that produces 4 haploid sex cells from one diploid cell and ensures offspring will have the same number of chromosomes as the parent organism.

2. Sexual reproduction- a type of reproduction in which two sex cells, an egg and a sperm join to form a zygote which will develop into a new organism with a unique identity.

3. Sperm- haploid sex cell formed in the male reproductive organs. 4 3. Sperm- haploid sex cell formed in the male reproductive organs. 4. Egg- haploid sex cell formed in the female reproductive organs.

5. Zygote- new diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg, will divide by mitosis and develop into a new organism. Examples: humans, animals

1. Meiosis- process that produces haploid sex cells and ensures offspring have the same diploid number of it’s parents. These cells are haploid because they have 23 single chromosomes, or half the number of chromosomes as a body cell.

1. Meiosis 1- the nucleus divides and produces two new cells with one duplicate chromosome each. 2. Meiosis 2- the nuclei divide and the chromatids separate, producing 4 new cells with half the number of chromosomes of the original nucleus.

Add I can statements I can identify where genes are located Add I can statements I can identify where genes are located. I can define genes. I can describe and model the structure of DNA.

DNA foldable

On the left side of your foldable at the top 1 On the left side of your foldable at the top 1. Nucleotides- subunits of DNA consisting of sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base. 2. 4 bases- adenine-thymine cytosine-guanine

On the left side of your foldable 3 On the left side of your foldable 3. Franklin’s Discovery- Rosalind Franklin discovered that DNA had a spiral shape. She took the first picture of DNA- Photo 51.

On the left side of your foldable 4 On the left side of your foldable 4. Chargaff’s Rule- He discovered that there is an equal amount of Adenine and Thymine; an equal amount of Cytosine and Guanine. A=T and C=G

In the center of your foldable 5. DNA- Deoxyribonucleic Acid 6 In the center of your foldable 5. DNA- Deoxyribonucleic Acid 6. DNA- is your genetic code. It contains information for your growth and function. Every cell in your body contains a copy of your DNA. How you look is determined by the instructions of your DNA.

In the center of your foldable. 7 In the center of your foldable. 7. DNA structure- long twisted ladder, called a double helix. 8. Structure is what helps DNA to be copied and to divide. 9. Watson and Crick model- discovered that DNA is a double helix and how DNA is copied.

This goes on the right side of your foldable 10 This goes on the right side of your foldable 10. DNA replication- by splitting down the middle where two bases meet, the bases on both sides are used for templates (making copies) this creates 2 identical molecules.

11. When are copies made. Each time a cell divides. 12 11. When are copies made? Each time a cell divides. 12. Now color and label the DNA strand on the front of your foldable. You can choose your own colors for the different parts (Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine, Hydrogen bond, Phosphate, Sugar –deoxyribose)