Parasitology Level:6 Dr. Abeer El-Sherbiny And Dr. Abeer Babeker

difference between a cyst and a trophozoite 1. Cyst • non-dividing • rigid cell coat • resistant to H20 dryness • can survive outside of host in most ambient conditions • transmission stage 2. Trophozoite • dividing (binary fission) • labile cell membrane • disease causing stage • cannot survive outside of host

Classification of Protozoan Parasites: subphylum Phylum Sarcomastigophora Sarcodina Acanthamoeba,Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba gingivalis, Entamoeba histolytica Dientamoeba Mastigophora Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas (homini, tenax ,vaginalis) Leishmania (braziliensis, donovani, tropica) Trypanosoma brucei complex, Trypanosoma cruzi Balantidium coli Ciliophora Bebesia spp., Cryptosporidum hominis, Cyclospora cayetansis, Isospora belli, Plasmodium spp., Toxoplasma Apicomplexa diarrhea Enterocytozoon Microspora

Class: Sarcodina or Amoebae Entamoeba histolytica Habitat: Large intestine Main host: Man Intermediate host: No ( There is a mechanical vectors) Infective Stage: Mature cyst Disease: Amoebic dysentery, Amoebiasis Diagnosis: In Stool to detect cysts Mode of infection: Eating food or drinking water contaminated with Infective Stage( Mature cysts)

Class: Sarcodina or Amoebae Entamoeba histolytica Cyst in stool Cyst stained with trichrome

Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoite in stool

Class: Ciliophora 1-Balantidium coli Habitat: Large intestine Main host: Man Intermediate host: No ( There is a reservoir host= Pigs) Infective Stage: Mature cyst Disease: Balantidiasis, Balantidial dysentery Diagnosis: In Stool to detect cysts Mode of infection: Eating food or drinking water contaminated with Infective Stage(cysts)

Class: Ciliophora Balantidium coli Trophozoite stained by haematoxlin Cyst in stool Trophozoite in stool

Flagellata or Mastigophora subphylum In human include 4 generia (Giardia, Trichomonas, leishmania, and trypanosoma Intestinal Flagellates Giardia lamblia( Duodenum Jejunm) Trichomonas hominis) Caecum). Trichomonas tenax in mouth Oral & Urogential Flagellates :T. vaginalis in vagina and urethra . Blood & Tissues Flagellates or Haemoflagellates Leishmania and Trypanosoma

Class: Zoomastigophora( Flagellates) 1-Giardia lambelia Habitat: Small intestine ( duodenum) Main host: Man Intermediate host: No ( There is a mechanical vectors) Infective Stage: Mature cyst Disease: Giardiasis Diagnosis: In Stool to detect cysts Mode of infection: Eating food or drinking water contaminated with Infective Stage( Mature cysts)

Flagellata or Mastigophora subphylum Morphology & Life cycle Trophozoite (tear shape) have Parabasal bodies 4 pairs of flagella, 2 sucking discs, 2 nucleus Cyst have wall and 4 nucleus in fecal sample

Class: Zoomastigophora( Flagellates) Giardia lambelia Cyst stained with trichrome Trophozoite in stool Cyst in stool

Class: Zoomastigophora( Flagellates) 2- Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoite form

Trichomonas vaginalis in Vaginal Secretions in female urinary bladder, cervix urethra, and vagina In male in urethra, prostate gland Morphology & Life Cycle have not cyst have Trophozoite only characterize by undulating membrane, 4fllagella and one fllagellum one big round nucleus in the center of cell Infected stage Trophozoite

structure of tricomonas vaginitis

3-Trypanosoma Bloodstream Trypomastigote of Trypanosoma brucei ssp(T. b. gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense) in thin blood smears stained with Giemsa

4- Leishmania Leishmania spp. amastigotes  Leishmania sp. promastigotes

Class: Sporozoa (Apicomplexa) 1-Plasmodium Trophozoites of P. vivax (ring stage) in thin blood smear Trophozoites of P. vivax (amoeboid stage) in thin blood smear Ruptured schizont of P. vivax in a thin blood smear, showing free merozoites and haemozoin pigment.  

2-Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites (trophozoites) of Toxoplasma gondii Bradyzoites (cyst) of Toxoplasma gondii in brain tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin.