Ch. 13 Anatomy of the Nervous System … PERIPHERAL N.S. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Peripheral Nervous System (Mostly Ch13 pp. 544-553; Some in Ch14 pp. 565-567) Components: Central nervous system (CNS) Peripheral nervous system (PNS) (1) Sensory receptors (2) Motor endings (In AP2A) (3) Nerves and Ganglia Sensory (afferent) division Motor (efferent) division Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system (ANS) Sympathetic division Parasympathetic division

I. Sensory Receptors & Sensation (Continued from AP2A) A I. Sensory Receptors & Sensation (Continued from AP2A) A. Sensory Receptors– Review of AP2A material 1. Definition/Function Activation: Stimuli  3. End Point: information to:

Sensory Receptors … 4. Classification: Chart Lab 7 a) Structure b) Location c) Stimuli Received Mechanoreceptors: Proprioceptors (location) Photoreceptors: Chemoreceptors: Thermoreceptors: Nocireceptors: Mechanoreceptors

B. Sensory Pathways 1. Receptor level Sensory Axons in Nerves Ganglia: Spinal Nerve Location: For Cranial Nerves: Special Sense Organs or Brain Ganglia 4. Tracts Spinal Cord: 5. Brain: Tracts Thalamus Cerebral Cortex 3 Perceptual level (processing in cortical sensory centers) Motor cortex Somatosensory cortex Thalamus Reticular formation Cerebellum Pons Medulla 2 Circuit level (processing in ascending pathways) Spinal cord Free nerve endings (pain, cold, warmth) Muscle spindle 1 Receptor level (sensory reception and transmission to CNS) Joint kinesthetic receptor

II. Motor Endings Types: AP2A B. Motor Pathways Skeletal Muscles: Brain: Regions: Tracts: Spinal Cord: Tracts Motor neuron cell bodies Dorsal H. Lateral H. Ventral H. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Spinal nerve

4. Ganglia: yes only for Autonomic System 5. Nerves axons of 6. Motor Endings of: © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

III. Ganglia & Nerves Ganglia: - No Somatic Motor Ganglia Sensory Ganglia Dorsal Root Ganglia = Location: Nerves: Contains: b. Cranial Ganglia Trigeminal Ganglion

A. Ganglia … 2. Ganglia of Autonomic System Neurons = Sympathetic i) Sympathetic Chain Ganglia (Paravertebral Ganglia) Colateral (Prevertebral) Ganglia Parasympathetic i) Terminal Ganglia

B. Nerves 1. Structure and Classification a. Nerve = b. Connective Tissue of Nerves Endoneurium Perineurium Epineurium c. Fascicle d. Vasa Nervorum e. Neurilemma Schwann neuron f. Node of Ranvier Remember skeletal muscle: (endomysium, perimysium, epimysium) Figure 7.23

Structure and Classification … c. Classification of Nerves Information Carried Mixed Nerves = Types of fibers: Pure Sensory- Pure Motor ii. Location

Hypoglossal nerve (XII) 1. Cranial Nerves 12 paired Know: name, number, functions, ganglia, and brain regions involved Filaments of olfactory nerve (I) Frontal lobe Olfactory bulb Olfactory tract Optic nerve (II) Temporal lobe Optic chiasma Optic tract Oculomotor nerve (III) Infundibulum Facial nerve (VII) Trochlear nerve (IV) Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) Trigeminal nerve (V) Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Abducens nerve (VI) Vagus nerve (X) Cerebellum Accessory nerve (XI) Medulla oblongata Hypoglossal nerve (XII) © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

OVERVIEW Type of Nerves: - 3 all Sensory: I, II, VIII - 9 (the rest) RULE: if motor to muscle, then always has proprioception - 5 of 9 mostly Motor (really mixed): III Occulomotor IV Trochlear, VI Abducens XI Spinal Accessory XII Hypoglossal - 4 of 9 Mixed: V, VII, IX, X - Have Autonomic: III, V, IX, and X = mostly autonomic - Ipsilateral: no crossing over © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

"On occasion, our trusty truck acts funny—very good vehicle anyhow" Overview … Memory Device "On occasion, our trusty truck acts funny—very good vehicle anyhow" "Oh once one takes the anatomy final, very good vacations are heavenly" Figure 13.6b Location and function of cranial nerves (Marieb) ** See OpenStax Text p. 550 ** Cranial nerves I – VI Sensory function Motor function PS* fibers Cranial nerves VII – XII Sensory function Motor function PS* fibers I II III IV V VI Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Yes (smell) Yes (vision) No Yes (general sensation) No Yes No Yes VII VIII IX X XI XII Facial Vestibulocochlear Glossopharyngeal Vagus Accessory Hypoglossal Yes (taste) Yes (hearing and balance) No Yes Some Yes No Cranial nerves I – VI Sensory function Motor function PS* fibers Cranial nerves VII – XII Sensory function Motor function PS* fibers *PS = parasympathetic Sympathetic axons are all in Spinal Nerves © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

1. Cranial Nerves … a) The Olfactory Nerves = I Sensory: from   olfactory  primary _______________ © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

b) Optic Nerves = II Sensory only from  optic chiasma:  ____________  Primary ______________ © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

c) The Oculomotor Nerves = III *Location: midbrain Motor-mostly 4 _______________________= except Sup Obl & Lat Rect Parasympathetic Motor *Lens: Cilliary Muscles Sensory: Proprioception © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

d) IV = The Trochlear Nerves Mixed, mostly motor *Location: Midbrain Motor: Sensory: Proprioception © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

e) V = The Trigeminal Nerves *Location: Lateral pons Sensory Cell Bodies: *3 Branches: mostly sensory—Ophthalmic, Maxillary, & Mandibular has somatic motor Mixed Face Sensory: -- Motor: © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

f) VI = The Abducens Nerves *Location: posterior Pons Mixed– mostly motor Motor  Sensory: proprioception © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

g) VII = The Facial Nerves *Location: Pons Mixed Motor   Parasympathetic: salivary glands (submandibular & sublingual) and *lacrimal glands Sensory function Proprioeptors © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

h) VIII = The Vestibulocochlear Nerves *Location: Pons-Medulla border Sensory (mostly) Sensory: © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

i) IX = The Glossopharyngeal Nerves *Location: medulla Mixed Motor Muscles of Sensory Proprioception © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

j) X = The Vagus Nerves *Location: Lateral medulla * Nerve extends beyond head Mixed Motor– mostly Autonomic Parasympathetic: *skeletal muscles of larynx and pharynx Sensory– visceral: © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

k) XI = The Accessory Nerves (Spinal Accessory) *Location: Mixed– mostly motor Motor: Head & Neck muscles *trapezius & sternocleidomastoid muscles Sensory proprioception © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

l) XII = The Hypoglossal Nerves *Location: Medulla: near midline, inferior to abducens Mixed– mostly motor Motor: Tongue muscles & muscles attached to Tongue for manipulation of food Sensory: proprioception © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.