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Presentation transcript:

Aim: How does meiosis and fertilization increase variation among offspring?

What do these pictures show?

Measure your partner’s ear length Are every bodies ear length the same? Why not? Genetic variation

Genetic Variation Variation between organisms due to: Meiosis: crossing over independent assortment Fertilization

Meiosis Review DNA replicates Prophase I: synapsis & crossing over 1st Division – 2 cells 2nd Division – 4 haploid cells

Crossing Over During meiosis I -homologous pairs line up and and exchange genes

Genetic Recombination During Crossing Over, genes change their location on chromosomes. This change increases genetic variation and leads to offspring with different appearances.

Independent Assortment The chromosomes separate randomly into gametes.

What is the result of independent assortment? Different combinations of genes in gametes

Fertilization During fertilization a mother’s genes (egg) and a father genes (sperm) combine. This combination of genes results in Genetic Recombination.

Trillions of possible combinations Variation

Variation What type of cell division leads to variation? How? How does fertilization lead to genetic variation?