W4 2/27 WHOT What is Arlene’s genotype? What are Ann & Michael’s genotypes? List three people who are carriers of Hitchhikers thumb. Who is the ONE person that you cannot determine their specific genotype?.

8. Hairline Widows peak (A) Straight hairline (a)

13. Nose Straight V Turned-up v

15. Dimples Absent (D) Have dimples (d)

17. Ear Lobes Attached (Q) Unattached (q)

18. Cleft Chin

20. Hitchhikers thumb Straight thumb (E) Curved Thumb (e)

21. Tongue rolling Able to roll (G) Unable to roll (g)

22. Interlocking fingers Right over left (d) Left over right (D)

23. Bent little Finger Bent toward ring finger (a) straight fingers (A)

8. PTC Taster Able to taste…Bitter! (H) Unable to taste (h)

3. Mid-digit segment Hair No hair on fingers (c) Hair on fingers (C)

9. Colorblindness Normal vision (I) Red/green blindness (i)

11. Short index finger Longer index (K) short index (k)

Biology Homework Survey your parents for three of the phenotypes you determined in yourself today. Draw a pedigree for each of these traits and fill in the genotypes for each person.

Biology Homework Draw a pedigree for each of these traits and fill in the genotypes for each person.

Title: Your Human Characteristics Chart Characteristics (dom. /recess) Personal Phenotype Personal Genotype Bead color (gene) Chromosome 1. Hairline -widow’s peak (A) -straight hairline (a) 2. Earlobes -unattached (B) -attached (b) 3. Middle digit segment hair -present (C) -absent (c) -p 4. Interlocking fingers -left thumb over right (D) -right thumb over left (d) 5. Hitchhiker’s thumb -straight (E) -bent back (e) 6. Bent little finger -bent towards ring finger (F) -straight (f) 7. Rolled tongue -able to roll (G) -unable to roll (g) 8. PTC taster -able to taste PTC (H) -unable to taste (h) 9. Colorblindness -red green vision (I) -red green blindness (i) 10. Dimples -absent (J) -present (j) 11. Short index finger -longer (K) -short (k)

2/28 What is the point of mitosis How many chromosomes are in the human body? Sexual reproduction is when we combine the genetic material of 2 organisms… What problem would occur if you just put together 2 normal cells?

How is it that 2 siblings can look so different

Meiosis – Amoeba Sisters Meiosis – Creates Sex cells (gametes) Homologous Pairs – One copy of chromosome you get from each parent (you get one from mom and one from dad) Crossing Over – Mixing of homologous pairs (creates genetic diversity)

3/1 Reminder: Extra Credit (on quiz) Due Friday. Compare and contrast the differences between mitosis and meiosis.

Definitions to Know Diploid (2N)- cells that have pairs of chromosomes (2 sets) Haploid (N)- cells that have ½ the number of total chromosomes (1 set) Tetrad- a group of 2 chromosomes (4 chromatids) Two homologous chromosomes, each with their sister chromatids attached.

When DNA copies itself, think like a copy machine, if you make a copy of you homework, do you now have double the homework?

Amoeba Sisters round II https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcz1FOWw0Cg

Humans have 23 Sets of Homologous Chromosomes Each Homologous set is made up of 2 Homologues.

Interphase This is the same as in mitosis: Chromosomes replicate The cell grows and gets ready to divide.

3/2 WHOT Create a beetle! Your beetle will have 4 traits. If you flip heads, the first letter will be a Capital, tails, lowercase. Rr, Aa, Qq, Ee

Trait 1 – Color -Incomplete Dominance R – Red Rr – Purple r – Blue Trait 2 – Antennae - Dom/Rec A – Straight a – Curly Trait 3 – Pattern -Codominant Q – Stripes q – spots Trait 4 – Disposition Incomplete Dominance E – Aggressive e – Passive

Independent assortment formation of random combinations of chromosomes in meiosis and of genes on different pairs of homologous chromosomes (chromosomes split up randomly during meiosis)

Modeling Meiosis Step 8: Random Fertilization Step 1: Choose either you or your partners “Beetle” to build a set up homologous chromosomes. a. Beads represent GENES b. On any dominant traits, flip a coin -Heads = “Dominant Allele” -Tails = “Recessive” c. Place beads on genes as examples. Step 8: Random Fertilization a. Line up your 4 gametes b. Flip the coin -Heads = you will use either gamete 1 or 2 -Tails= you will use either gamete 3 or 4 c. Flip the coin again -Heads= you will use gamete 1 or gamete 3 -Tails =you will use gamete 2 or gamete 4 d. Choose a random team to fertilize with & write down what your children’s 11 traits are!

Parents have two copies of each chromosome, yet they pass on only one to their offspring. MEIOSIS is the process to make sperm or egg cells Produces variation in offspring by: Randomly sorting the chromosomes, Crossing over of chromosomes. Original cell Sperm or egg cells Draw this with them on the board, point out and label meiosis I and meiosis II

Meiosis Diploid (paired chromosomes - 2N) Haploid Original cell Diploid (paired chromosomes - 2N) 2N 2N 1N Sperm or egg cells Haploid (single chromosomes 1N) 1N

Fertilization Gametes: Zygote: Sperm Egg Gametes: (haploid sex cells 1N) Zygote: (diploid embryo 2N) Fertilized egg Fertilization restores 2N configuration.

Meiosis vs. Mitosis What type of cells are the result of meiosis? Egg/sperm, gametes, “sex cells”, haploid cells How does the outcome of meiosis DIFFER from that of mitosis? Gametes do not have homologous chromosomes. In humans, they have one copy each of chromosomes #1-23 This is HALF the number of chromosomes as a typical cell. Gametes are “1N”, where N = normal number of chromosomes. Gametes are haploid (1N), somatic cells are diploid (2N) Meiosis is also called “reductive division”.

Why do you look so different from your siblings? 2 events happen during mitosis that make a crazy difference. Independent assortment Homologous pairs line up randomly

Crossing Over Crossing over mixes genes located on one parent’s chromosome with genes on the other parent’s chromosome. Translocation: When chromosomes line up and swap DNA with the wrong partner.

W4 2/27 WHOT What is Arlene’s genotype? What are Ann & Michael’s genotypes? List three people who are carriers of Hitchhikers thumb. Who is the ONE person that you cannot determine their specific genotype?.

2/28 What is the point of mitosis How many chromosomes are in the human body? Sexual reproduction is when we combine the genetic material of 2 organisms… What problem would occur if you just put together 2 normal cells?

3/1 Reminder: Extra Credit (on quiz) Due Friday. Compare and contrast the differences between mitosis and meiosis.

3/2 WHOT Create a beetle! Your beetle will have 4 traits. If you flip heads, the first letter will be a Capital, tails, lowercase. Rr, Aa, Qq, Ee

Parents have two copies of each chromosome, yet they pass on only one to their offspring. MEIOSIS is the process to make sperm or egg cells Produces variation in offspring by: Randomly sorting the chromosomes, Crossing over of chromosomes. Original cell Sperm or egg cells Draw this with them on the board, point out and label meiosis I and meiosis II

Meiosis Diploid (paired chromosomes - 2N) Haploid Original cell Diploid (paired chromosomes - 2N) 2N 2N 1N Sperm or egg cells Haploid (single chromosomes 1N) 1N

Fertilization Gametes: Zygote: Sperm Egg Gametes: (haploid sex cells 1N) Zygote: (diploid embryo 2N) Fertilized egg Fertilization restores 2N configuration.