What I know about the Holocaust... Starter What I know about the Holocaust...

The Final Solution to the Jewish problem The Holocaust The Final Solution to the Jewish problem Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the impact of the Holocaust

How did the Nazis treat minority groups? Kristallnacht The Nuremburg Laws Anti Semitic policies Einsatzgruppen in WW2 How did the Nazis treat minority groups? Treatment of the disabled The Final Solution What were the Nazis’ beliefs about race Wannsee Conference Extermination Master Race/ Aryans “Inferior” races Destruction Through Work

Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the impact of the Holocaust Steps to genocide The Final Solution was the Nazis' plan to destroy the Jewish people. Death camps were built in Eastern Europe. Gas chambers were built for mass murder. Mainly Jewish people were killed, but other groups were targeted as well, for example Slavs (Russians and Poles), Romani, black people, homosexuals, disabled people and communists. Heinrich Himmler. head of the SS, was in overall charge of this 'final solution1. Some extermination camps were: Auschwitz, Treblinka, Sobibor. Chelmno, Belzec. By the end of the war, approximately 6 million Jewish people had been killed by the Nazis. Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the impact of the Holocaust

How did mass murder happen? After the war, people around the world found it hard to believe that this inhuman, cold-blooded extermination had taken place, and that so many soldiers were involved. It has been argued: The Nazi guards were doing a job and obeying orders. They feared their leaders. The Jews were not regarded as human by the Nazis — killing them didn't matter to guards. The soldiers involved hid the truth of what they were doing. The world only discovered the horror of the Death Camps as the Allies advanced in 1945. Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the impact of the Holocaust

Reaction of Jewish people They faced death for any resistance. Some fled into the forests, and formed resistance groups to blow up railway lines and attack German soldiers. In some ghettos Jewish authorities thought the best way to save lives was to cooperate with the Nazis and to produce goods for them. A rebellion in the Warsaw ghetto in 1943 was ruthlessly put down. 4) There was some resistance in the camps, and escapes. Reports of what was happening in the camps were smuggled out. Before the war ended, Nazi orders went out to destroy the camps and the evidence — but there wasn't time. Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the impact of the Holocaust

Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the impact of the Holocaust 1939 When war broke out it allowed the Jews to persecute more heavily without world opinion, they had more Jews e.g. 3million in West Poland. Ghettos introduced in 1939. All Jews rounded up and sent there. Jewish reservations in towns with walls to keep the Jews in. The largest was Warsaw in Poland. Starvation rations and many died from starvation, cold and diseases like typhus. 55,000 Jews died in the Warsaw ghetto. Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the impact of the Holocaust

Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the impact of the Holocaust 1941 Following the invasion of Russia the Nazis had even more Jews under their control and no where to put them. Murder squads known as the Einsatzgruppen were introduced. They followed German troops into Russia rounding up Jews taking them to the outskirts of towns. There Jews were ordered to dig their own graves before they were shot. 1943 the Einsatzgruppen had murdered 2 million Russian Jews. Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the impact of the Holocaust

Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the impact of the Holocaust 1942-45 The Final Solution: to the Jewish problem. To exterminate them in death camps. It was the main idea of Himmler. It was an efficient and quick solution. The details of the Final Solution was were worked out at the Wanassee Conference in Jan 1942. Death camps were built in Poland where Jews would be worked to death building gas chambers and crematoria (ovens for bodies). First death camp was opened in March 1942 at Belzec. Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the impact of the Holocaust

Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the impact of the Holocaust Gas chambers Gases: Carbon Monoxide and Zyklon B. Very efficient. In Treblinka 140,000 Jews were killed a month in 1942. Fitted out as showers to avoid panic and bodies were burnt or left in mass pits. Prisoners who weren’t gassed were given many jobs to do the worst being to remove dead bodies from the gas chambers. Strict routine and terrible conditions. Doctors used inmates for medical experiments without anaesthetic 1945 6 million people had been killed in the camps. Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the impact of the Holocaust

Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the impact of the Holocaust Evaluation technique Why did some Jews resist when the odds against them were so overwhelming? To what extent were the uprisings successful within the concentration camps? Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the impact of the Holocaust

Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the impact of the Holocaust Exam technique Why was the Einsatzgruppen important? (4) Why was the “Final Solution” important to Nazi ideology? (4) How important was the Second World War, amongst other factors in changing Nazi policies towards the Jews? (12) Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the impact of the Holocaust

Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the impact of the Holocaust Source work What do the sources suggest about the Einsatzgruppen? (4) How useful is the sources for understanding the “Final Solution” to the Jewish problem? (8) Use both sources and your own knowledge in your answer Aim: To explain (B) or evaluate (A) the impact of the Holocaust