Agenda: DO NOW: Review the powers of the president on American Voices pages 144-146. To begin today’s notes, create a heading “Powers of the President” and enter 1 bullet to summarize each power listed. Notes on Roosevelt Case Law: Northern Securities v. United States

T.R. Transformed the Presidency President’s powers have been narrowly interpreted (exceptions for war). Article II, Section 1: “The executive power shall be vested in a President” Narrow vs. broad interpretation T.R. views as “stewardship” In all cases, presidential personality can expand (or limit) power.

T. R. understands value of image. As police commissioner As Civil Service commissioner As President Upgrades the White House “Hail to the Chief” Works the Press Creates a persona Turns on the Charm Applies personal values to the job Is this good?

Jack and the Wall Street Giants Who is “Jack”? Who are the giants? Why is this confrontation happening on Wall Street? How do you think the cartoonist views “Jack”? How do you think the cartoonist views the giants? Does he seem to think “Jack” is going to win this showdown?

Northern Securities v. The United States J.P. Morgan and others plan to exchange stock to merger N.W. RR’s. Farmers and shippers fear rates will rise. T.R. orders Attorney General to file suit under the Sherman Antitrust Act. At issue: Definition of “Commerce” Federalism Is T.R. exceeding his authority?

Northern Securities v. The United States How does Justice Harlan view the rights of states and the authority of Congress? How does Justice Harlan refer to the Sherman Antitrust Act? What does Justice Holmes fear in narrowly applying the law?

No Molly-Coddling Here What is the central figure of the cartoon? Why is he depicted this way? Who is on the ground? Is this a positive image of Roosevelt’s trust busting? What might be a concern the cartoonist holds about Roosevelt’s policies?

Roosevelt’s True Views on Trusts How does T. R. think trusts effect society? What is his preferred approach for dealing with them? What is a “gentleman’s agreement” and how does T.R. make use of them? What was the Hepburn Act, and what were its main effects? How did the ICC evolve over time? Why?

Roosevelt and the Coal Strike Strike threatens to cripple the nation. No power No heat As winter approaches, T.R. calls both parties to the White House. Urges arbitration Threatens to send the army to run the mines Miners win shorter days and higher pay, but not union recognition. Did Roosevelt exceed his authority?

Roosevelt and Consumer Protection 1906- the Meat Inspection Act Req. federal inspection of meat sold through interstate commerce. (narrow or broad effect?) Agriculture Dept. will set standards of cleanliness. 1906- Pure Food and Drug Act Prohibits impure or inaccurately labeled food and drugs. Administrative agencies expand executive branch. Appointments, not elections.

Roosevelt and Conservation Supported Federal reclamation projects Created national parks and sanctuaries Preservationists v. Conservationists Keep lands as is, or protect them for use?

Ticket to Leave How do Roosevelt’s actions fit with his view of the President as “steward” of the nation? How does that view lead to a more powerful presidency? (Use specific examples)