FAA Industry Training Standards F I T S Mel Burkart, MCFI 2008 FAA Flight Instuctor of the Year St. Louis Flight Standards District 1

Greatest Resistance to Change The Future Greatest Resistance to Change is Change Itself

FITS Goals Increase GA safety Reduce number of accidents Improve pilot skills and decision making Increase efficiency and standardization of pilot training Reduce pilot training time Reduce cost of pilot training

Problems with Current Training Train to pass test, rather than practical operations in a modernized National Air Space. Train maneuvers, rather than ADM/Risk Management. Insufficient emphasis on new flight technologies (GPS/MFD/AP).

FITS Flight Training Increased emphasis on decision making ADM/RM/TM/AM/SA/CFIT Awareness Weather decision making Information management Emphasis on scenario based training “train the way you fly” and “fly the way you train” Integrated ab-initio and instrument rating

FITS Flight Training Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) Risk Management (RM) Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM) Task Management (TM) Automation Management (AM) Situational Awareness (SA) Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) Awareness

Scenario Based Training-SBT Training system that uses a highly structured script of real-world experiences to address flight training objectives in an operational environment.   New learning techniques emphasis Student role as active learners Emphasis on thinking and understanding Learning activities emphasize authentic, real world contexts for learning. The object of SBT is a change in the thought processes, habits, and behaviors of the students.

Single Pilot Resource Management (SRM) The art and science of managing all the resources (both on-board the aircraft and from outside sources) available to a single-pilot (prior and during flight) to ensure that the successful outcome of the flight is never in doubt. SRM training helps the pilot maintain situational awareness by managing the automation and associated aircraft control and navigation tasks. This enables the pilot to accurately assess and manage risk and make accurate and timely decisions.

Maneuver Grades (Tasks) Learner Centered Grading Maneuver Grades (Tasks) Explain – at the completion of the scenario the Pilot will be able to describe the scenario activity and understand the underlying concepts, principles, and procedures that comprise the activity. Significant instructor effort will be required to successfully execute the maneuver Practice – at the completion of the scenario the student will be able to plan and execute the scenario. Coaching, instruction, and/or assistance from the CFI will correct deviations and errors identified by the CFI Perform – at the completion of the scenario, the Pilot will be able to perform the activity without assistance from the CFI. Errors and deviations will be identified and corrected by the PT in an expeditious manner. At no time will the successful completion of the activity be in doubt Not Observed – Any event not accomplished or required

Single Pilot Resource Management (SRM) Grades Learner Centered Grading Single Pilot Resource Management (SRM) Grades Explain – the student can verbally identify, describe, and understand the risks inherent in the flight scenario. The student will need to be prompted to identify risks and make decisions. Practice – the student is able to identify, understand, and apply SRM principles to the actual flight situation. Coaching, instruction, and/or assistance from the CFI will quickly correct minor deviations and errors identified by the CFI. The student will be an active decision maker. Manage/Decide - the student can correctly gather the most important data available both within and outside the cockpit, identify possible courses of action, evaluate the risk inherent in each course of action, and make the appropriate decision. Instructor intervention is not required for the safe completion of the flight. Not Observed – Any event not accomplished or required

The “5 P” Check Single Pilot Resource Management The Plan The Plane The Pilot The Passengers The Programming

FITS in Gliders Class room discussions Ground instruction during Flight Review Flight instruction during Flight Review

Generate Scenarios Start by generating a scenario 2-3 sentences that sets the stage A single event per scenario Make it plausible Then list a set of discussion points What would the pilot do List several options and discuss the pros and cons for each

ADM Scenario You are flying a club glider and you have just been informed that you have 3 minutes left before your hour is up. Descending thru 1300 ft AGL you hear these radio calls: Glider club traffic, 1 India 2 minutes finishing from the NE, glider club Glider club traffic, 9 X-Ray 2 minutes finishing from the N, glider club Glider club traffic, Golf 1 2 minutes finishing from the N, glider club What should you do now?

ADM Factors How long/wide is the runway? What other landing options are there? If you open the spoilers can you safely land before those gliders get here? If you just flew through a thermal, can you ‘wait them out’ How is your club/FBO going to respond if you are late getting back?

SPRM Scenario You are the wing runner, the glider is hooked up and slack has been removed and you are leveling the wings when the launch is delayed due to a runway incursion. The glider pilot opens and closes the canopy during this delay. What actions should you take before giving the launch signal?

SPRM Factors Pilot/Wing runner communications? Confirmation that canopy is close and locked? Other traffic? Ground traffic really clear of active?

Checklist Scenario You are giving rides to a group of friends. As you are getting settled in for the 4th launch, the wing runner says “another glider is on downwind”. You expedite this launch so the runway will be clear for that landing. During the ground roll you realize that your shoulder straps are not fastened. What actions to you take?

Checklist Factors Checklist item – belts and straps on and secure What other checklist items did you miss? Is the lap belt secured? Can you abort now? Where will the landing glider go? Where will the tow-plane go? What will your friend say if you release?

PT3 Scenario You and your instructor decide to practice a simulated emergency where you lose sight of the tow-plane during the tow. At an appropriate altitude you will tell your instructor, “I am beginning the simulation”, once the instructor agrees, you will pull the release and complete the pre-planned action. You must pre-determine how you would respond at several different altitudes. You must brief the tow-pilot on this maneuver before launching.

PT3 Factors Runway length, wind, weather, density altitude, traffic considerations. Possible actions at various stages in the launch (ground roll, 10 ft, 50 ft, 150 ft, 300 ft, …) Where will the glider go? Where will the tow-plane go?

FAA FITS Website http://www.faa.gov/education_research /training/fits/presentations/

Outline FAA Industry Training Standards Problems with Current Training FITS Flight Training Scenario Based Training Single Pilot Resource Management Learner Centered Grading 5 P’s