Topic of the Month December Flight Risk Assessment Tools <Audience> <Presenter> < > 2016/11/4-095 (I) PP Original Author: John Steuernagle (06/15/2016); POC Kevin Clover, AFS-850 Operations Lead, Office 562-888-2020 Important Note:  The FAAST FRAT App discussed in slides 25 through 29 is scheduled for public release in December of 2016 but that release has not been approved as of 18 October 2016.  If the FRAT App is NOT approved before this show is presented, this document and the associated PowerPoint are correct and should be used.  If the FRAT App is approved, new content for slides 25-29 will be provided and uploaded to Approved Presentations on SharePoint.  Therefore, be sure to confirm that you have the latest version before presenting. Presentation Note: This is the title slide for Flight Risk Assessment Tools Presentation notes (stage direction and presentation suggestions) will be preceded by a Bold header: the notes themselves will be in Italic fonts. Program control instructions will be in bold fonts and look like this: (Click) for building information within a slide; or this: (Next Slide) for slide advance. Some slides may contain background information that supports the concepts presented in the program. Background information will always appear last and will be preceded by a bold Background: identification. We have included a script of suggested dialog with each slide. Presenters may read the script or modify it to suit their own presentation style. The production team hope you and your audience will enjoy the show. Break a leg! (Next Slide)

Welcome Exits Restrooms Emergency Evacuation Breaks Sponsor Acknowledgment Set phones & pagers to silent mode or off Other information Presentation Note: Here’s where you can discuss venue logistics, acknowledge sponsors, and deliver other information you want your audience to know in the beginning. You can add slides after this one to fit your situation. (Next Slide)

Overview GAJSC * Recommendations Flight Risk Assessments Assessment Tools * General Aviation Joint Steering Committee In this presentation we’ll talk a little bit about recommendations from the General Aviation Joint Steering Committee – a government/industry group that analyzes GA accidents and incidents. The Committee feels that improved risk assessment before and during flight can significantly improve pilots’ chances of avoiding accidents and incidents. We’ll talk about pilots’ responsibility for risk assessment and show you some tools that will help you in your planning and analysis routines. Presentation Note: If you’ll be discussing additional items, add them to this list (Next Slide)

Our Responsibility 14CFR 91.3 Responsibility and authority of the Pilot In Command The buck stops here 14CFR 91.103 Preflight Action Consider everything Our responsibility for risk assessment is amazingly clear in two paragraphs of Part 91: (Click) 91.3 Deals with our responsibility and authority and (ClicK) 91.103 Discusses our preflight action requirements. The takeaway in 91.3 is that the PIC is the final authority for the safety of flight (Click) In other words the buck stops with us. 91.103 details what we’re responsible for knowing before flight and it takes several paragraphs to cover the subject but when you add it all up it comes to this: (Click) Consider and act on all information that could have relevance to the flight. That means we need to identify potential hazards and have a plan to deal with them before we take off And, by the way, we also have a responsibility to constantly evaluate hazards and make good decisions with respect to them throughout the flight. (Next Slide) Background: §91.3   Responsibility and authority of the pilot in command. (a) The pilot in command of an aircraft is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, the operation of that aircraft. (b) In an in-flight emergency requiring immediate action, the pilot in command may deviate from any rule of this part to the extent required to meet that emergency. (c) Each pilot in command who deviates from a rule under paragraph (b) of this section shall, upon the request of the Administrator, send a written report of that deviation to the Administrator. §91.103   Preflight action. Each pilot in command shall, before beginning a flight, become familiar with all available information concerning that flight. This information must include— (a) For a flight under IFR or a flight not in the vicinity of an airport, weather reports and forecasts, fuel requirements, alternatives available if the planned flight cannot be completed, and any known traffic delays of which the pilot in command has been advised by ATC; (b) For any flight, runway lengths at airports of intended use, and the following takeoff and landing distance information: (1) For civil aircraft for which an approved Airplane or Rotorcraft Flight Manual containing takeoff and landing distance data is required, the takeoff and landing distance data contained therein; and (2) For civil aircraft other than those specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, other reliable information appropriate to the aircraft, relating to aircraft performance under expected values of airport elevation and runway slope, aircraft gross weight, and wind and temperature Resources to effect safe, efficient, and hopefully profitable operations.

3 Questions What are the hazards associated with my flight? How might those hazards impact my Success? How can I manage the risk? When we speak of risk assessment we’re posing and answering 3 questions (Click) What are the hazards associated with my flight? We’re talking about identifying conditions and circumstances that could make safe completion of the flight questionable. (Click) What are the chances that identified hazards will compromise my flight? Looking at a list of possible hazards, how likely is it that any of them will give us trouble during the flight? The expression of likelihood is known as Risk. (Click) How can I manage the risk of accident or incidents? What adjustments can I make to my planning, qualifications, and equipment that will contribute to my success? (Next Slide)

Risk Management A matter of Balance Risk Assessment is very much a matter of balance here’s a simplistic example of how it works. (Next Slide)

Balance Sheet Liabilities Assets Factors and circumstances that decrease safety and increase mishap risk Capabilities, equipment, and resources that increase safety and decrease mishap risk Let’s look at flight risk in the context of a balance sheet. We’ll define Liabilities as factors and circumstances that decrease safety and increase the risk of disaster. Assets would then be capabilities, equipment, and resources that increase safety and decrease risk of disaster. (Next Slide)

Balance Sheet Liabilities Assets Factors and circumstances that decrease safety and increase mishap risk Capabilities, equipment, and resources that increase safety and decrease mishap risk Weather less than 5,000 ft. ceiling and 5 miles visibility Let’s say we want to make a VFR Flight where the weather is expected to be less than 5,000 foot ceilings & less than 5 miles visibility. While not clear and a million, those weather conditions are well within the capability of most any pilot. But what might we apply in the way of assets That would make the flight even safer? (Next Slide)

Balance Sheet Liabilities Assets Factors and circumstances that decrease safety and increase mishap risk Capabilities, equipment, and resources that increase safety and decrease mishap risk Weather less than 5,000 ft. ceiling and 5 miles visibility Instrument rating, flat terrain, daylight How about an instrument rating? And planning a route over flat terrain in daylight would certainly improve our chances of success. But wait, there’s more. (Next Slide)

Balance Sheet Liabilities Assets Factors and circumstances that decrease safety and increase mishap risk Capabilities, equipment, and resources that increase safety and decrease mishap risk Weather less than 5,000 ft. ceiling and 5 miles visibility Instrument rating, flat terrain, daylight Wind greater than 15 knots Cross wind greater than 30 degrees Suppose the surface winds at our planned destination will be greater than 15 knots with a 30 degree crosswind? Presentation note: Ask the audience what assets might be applied to this situation then advance to: (Next Slide)

Balance Sheet Liabilities Assets Factors and circumstances that decrease safety and increase mishap risk Capabilities, equipment, and resources that increase safety and decrease mishap risk Weather less than 5,000 ft. ceiling and 5 miles visibility Instrument rating, flat terrain, daylight Wind greater than 15 knots Cross wind greater than 30 degrees Recent cross wind experience Certainly there are a number of things we might do including waiting for less energetic winds or choosing an airport with a runway more aligned with the wind. Recent cross wind practice – especially with a CFI – will certainly make us more comfortable and add a margin of safety to the flight. (Next Slide)

Balance Sheet Liabilities Assets Factors and circumstances that decrease safety and increase mishap risk Capabilities, equipment, and resources that increase safety and decrease mishap risk Weather less than 5,000 ft. ceiling and 5 miles visibility Instrument rating, flat terrain, daylight Wind greater than 15 knots Cross wind greater than 30 degrees Recent cross wind experience Night But what if we want to make this flight at night? That may just be more risk than we should accept. (Next Slide)

Balance Sheet Liabilities Assets Factors and circumstances that decrease safety and increase mishap risk Capabilities, equipment, and resources that increase safety and decrease mishap risk Weather less than 5,000 ft. ceiling and 5 miles visibility Instrument rating, flat terrain, daylight Wind greater than 15 knots Cross wind greater than 30 degrees Recent cross wind experience Night Instrument rating, flat terrain, Weather greater than 5,000 and 5 If we’re going to do it VFR at night, we really want to have weather that’s better than five thousand and five. (Next Slide)

Flight Risk Assessment Tool Liabilities Assets We’ve just built a very simplistic Flight Risk Assessment Tool or FRAT. And we’ve used it to identify assets that compensate for liabilities. Of course there are many more safety factors to consider for any flight. So many, in fact, that the GAJSC recommends use of a FRAT to help pilots in their pre, and in flight evaluations (Next Slide)

InFO For more FRAT information, download and read Information for Operators number 07015. It’s a more comprehensive tool to help you manage the risks of flight. The URL for this publication is too long to copy in this seminar so find it the easy way. (Next Slide)

Navigate to http://www. faa Navigate to http://www.faa.gov, type InFO 07015 into the search window and click Search. (Next Slide)

That will get you to this page and from here you can download the publication. (Next Slide)

Want an easier way to do it? Introducing the FAASTeam FRAT Easy to use Basic flight risk assessment For General Aviation Pilots FAAST FRAT Do you want and easier way to do it? Introducing the FAAST FRAT; (Click) an easy to use, basic flight risk assessment tool for general aviation pilots. (Next Slide)

FAAST FRAT 20 Statements - VFR 22 Statements - IFR The FAAST FRAT is a simple automated spread sheet that contains 20 condition statements for VFR pilots; 22 for IFR pilots. The statements describe common general aviation flight liabilities and assets. Pilots simply click the “yes” box next to each statement that applies to their flight. Each yes statement generates a risk value and those values are totaled on the sheet. The total risk value is related to the risk matrix chart to determine whether the flight risk is likely to be low, moderate, or high. (Next Slide)

FAAST FRAT In this example, the pilot has fewer than 15 hours in the last 90 days but a WINGS Phase was completed in the last 6 months. The risk of low recent experience is cancelled by the WINGS Phase completion. Surface winds will be greater than 15 knots resulting in a risk value of plus 4. The flight will be to a non-towered airport, ceiling will be less than 3,000 feet and there is no weather reporting at the destination. (Click) This results in a total risk value of 15. (Next Slide)

FAAST FRAT Looking at the Risk Matrix Chart we see that a Total Risk Value of 15 is between Low and Moderate for a VFR Pilot with fewer than 100 hours time in type, (Click) but well within the low range for an IFR pilot with more than 100 hours time in type. (Next Slide)

FAAST FRAT Can’t cover all possible flight hazards Does address common GA accident causal factors Safety Risk Management - 101 No FRAT can cover all possible flight hazards but this one – though simple – does address some factors that are common to GA accidents. We hope it’s use will prompt you to learn more about Safety Risk Management. Now to get your copy here’s what you do………. (Next Slide)

FAAST FRAT Log on to FAASafety.gov Click on Resources then click on Library Navigate to FAASafety.gov Click on Resources, then click on Library. (Next Slide)

FAAST FRAT Click on Flight Risk Assessment Tool Download appropriate FRAT for your computer. Click on Flight Risk Assessment Tool (FRAT) Download the appropriate FRAT for your computer Note: FAAST FRAT for Windows will not run with Excel for MAC. If you want to run the FRAT on your Apple computer, you’ll need the Numbers application. (Next Slide)

The FAAST FRAT App Free Mobile App coming in 2017 iPhone, iPad, iPod Android version to follow But how about those of us who don’t carry laptop computers with us everywhere we go? Introducing the FAAST FRAT App – a free program from your FAA Safety Team. Coming soon for iPhone, iPad, and iPod with an Android version to follow. To use the app, simply enter your flight experience and certification level into your pilot profile. Then VFR-rated pilots select which of 21 conditions apply to your flight – IFR pilots consider 23 conditions. Some conditions increase risk – others decrease risk. As you select conditions, a total risk value accumulates and it’s displayed graphically on your device. (Next Slide)

The FAAST FRAT App Flight Risk Slider Pilot Conditions Flight Conditions Here you can see the beginning of a risk assessment. The pilot has selected four conditions that apply to the flight. After that the assessment will move on to flight conditions. As conditions are selected, the Flight Risk Slider moves from left to right as risk values accumulate. When a risk reduction condition is selected, the slider moves from right to left – indicating the reduction in total risk value. (Next Slide)

The FAAST FRAT App Here’s the display you’ll get when the risk value is low. (Click) Note that the Slider Bar and Total risk value have a green background. (Click) As the risk value becomes moderate the display background color changes to yellow. (Click) And when the risk value goes into the red – it’s imperative that we do something to reduce our risk exposure. (Next Slide)

The FAAST FRAT App Safety Risk Management for General Aviation Simple & Easy Data Sharing Student to CFI Club members to Club Pilots to Family The FAAST Frat App provides a simple and easy introduction to safety risk management for general aviation pilots. The device stores your pilot profile information but doesn’t automatically store individual risk assessments. Each time the App is opened, all condition statements are set to off. You can take a picture of your risk assessment though and save that image for future reference. Users can, if they wish, share risk assessments with third parties such as CFIs, Flying Club dispatch personnel, or friends and family. Just click on the email icon to send a copy of the risk assessment to people you designate. (Next Slide)

The FAAST FRAT App A safety risk management tool for GA pilots Coming soon to a mobile device near you. Presentation note: If the FAAST FRAT App is ready for public release in December of 2016 this slide will be modified to include download instructions. (Next Slide)

Questions? Presentation Note: You may wish to provide your contact information and main FSDO phone number here. Modify with Your information or leave blank. (Next Slide)

Safety Tip Practice Stalls & slow flight Flight training maneuvers Takeoffs & Landings Instrument Maneuvers An airplane owner once asked an experienced instructor pilot, “What’s the best thing to put in my airplane to increase safety?” Without hesitation, the instructor answered, “Gasoline”. (Click) That’s right – the most effective safety tool for any pilot is practicing the art and science of flying. That means more than a monthly trip for the hundred dollar hamburger. Book some time with a CFI at least once a year to practice the items on this list. (Click) And be sure to document your achievement in the Wings Proficiency Program. It’s a great way to stay on top of your game. (Next Slide)

Thank you for attending You are vital members of our GA safety community Your presence here shows that you are vital members of our General Aviation Safety Community. The high standards you keep and the examples you set are a great credit to you and to GA. Thank you for attending. (Next Slide)

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