Organic Chemistry NPR CC #2 NPR CO2 Milestone 05/10/2013

? Ion Isotope Isomers Quick Review A charged particle – an atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons Isotope Atom of the same element (so has same number of protons) that has a different number of neutrons, so the mass number is different. ? Isomers

Isomers Compounds that contain the same elements but which are bonded differently butane 2-methylpropane These have the same molecular formula C4H10 But different structural formulas They also have different names.

Organic Carbon Nomenclature Rules Locate the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms in the molecule. Use organic prefix from Table P to indicate number of carbons in the chain.

Organic Carbon Nomenclature Rules 2) Use the ending appropriate for the homologous series from Table Q. If the compound is an alkene or an alkyne the chain must be numbered so that the bond position is the lowest possible number.

Organic Carbon Nomenclature Rules 3) Find and name all of the alkyl groups that are branches. Branch names alkyl groups = prefix for #Carbons + yl ending

Organic Carbon Nomenclature Rules 4) Assign each one a numbered position on the chain by numbering the chain so that the branches have the lowest possible numbers. (note that if there is a double or triple bond it takes priority over alkyl groups when numbering the carbon chain)

di- (2), tri- (3), tetra- (4) Organic Carbon Nomenclature Rules 5) If there are several branches of the same kind, indicate how many by using the prefixes, di- (2), tri- (3), tetra- (4) and use a number to assign a position on the chain for each branch.

Organic Carbon Nomenclature Rules 6) Use commas to separate the numbers that are grouped together. Separate the numbers from the names of groups with hyphens. Merge the name of the last named branch with the name of the hydrocarbon that is the basis of the name

7) To name compounds with functional groups listed on Table R, Organic Carbon Nomenclature Rules 7) To name compounds with functional groups listed on Table R, use the appropriate functional group prefix or replace the final e with the appropriate suffix ending for that functional group.

When alkanes react with chlorine, they produce compounds that are used as paint strippers and dry cleaning fluids. The anesthetic chloroform CH3Cl is a chlorinated hydrocarbon.

This mouse survives by breathing a liquid perfluoro compound saturated with oxygen. These compounds dissolve oxygen easily and can serve as temporary substitutes for hemoglobin. (The prefix per means that all hydrogen atoms have been replaced, in this case by fluorine atoms) http://www.noblood.org/glossary-terms/1068-perfluorochemicals