The Cold War had reached a crisis in 1962 with the Cuban Missile Crisis. Russia and America were convinced that the world was on the brink of NUCLEAR MELTDOWN!

2) MEANWHILE, in the 60s, the United States started sending troops to VIETNAM. Some background: In 1950s, American military advisors started arriving to make sure that Vietnam wouldn’t become another COMMUNIST COUNTRY!

The “Viet Cong” wanted to get rid of the colonial powers of France, who had formerly ruled “French Indochina” (aka Vietnam) since the 1850s. In 1945, there was a bad famine and exploitation, which together led to the deaths of 1 million people. Vietnamese began to turn against the French, and communism looked appealing.

The Vietnamese began to war against the French, supported with supplies from China and the Soviet Union. After they won, the United Nations broke the country into NORTH and SOUTH Vietnam. The dictator of the south, Ngo Dinh Diem, was a Catholic (unlike the residents, who were mostly Buddhist). The American puppet put in place the death penalty against any communist activity. 12,000 people were killed, 40,000 put in jail.

American troops were sent in to support the unpopular president after his people begin to rebel. President Eisenhower supported Diem but also said that, if given the choice, 80% of Vietnam’s people probably would have voted against him.

Finally, the USA began to support the idea of a coup, and the CIA informed Vietnamese soldiers that they could do what they wanted with Diem. They killed him.

At this point, the US began to fight them. As Vietnamese began to become aware of the US’ involvement, they grew ever more mad and started to become Communist. At this point, the US began to fight them. THE WAR DRAGGED ON AND ON!!

FUELS: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS HIPPIES: Start out as Beatnik movement. Anti-war, sympathetic to blacks and women’s rights. FEMINISTS: “Second wave” starts. Main issue: allowing education with men, improving career opportunities. CIVIL RIGHTS: TWO MOVEMENTS: Martin Luther King Jr. (Christian) “We Shall Overcome” – non-violent protest leading to integration. Malcolm X (American Black Muslim) “Black Power” -- protest leading to separation and autonomy.

HIPPIES: Liked to drugs, associated with artists.  PACIFIST MOVEMENT FUELS: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS HIPPIES: Liked to drugs, associated with artists.  PACIFIST MOVEMENT

FUELS: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS HIPPIES: Start out as Beatnik movement. Anti-war, sympathetic to blacks and women’s rights.

FUELS: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS FEMINISTS: “Second wave” starts. Main issue: allowing education with men, improving career opportunities.

Protested the sexualization by males of women FUELS: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS Protested the sexualization by males of women  Protesting Miss America

FUELS: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS 1st wave: 1920s - suffrage, voting rights, property rights -2nd wave: 1960s: reproductive rights, workplace rights, inequalities, sexuality, family.

FUELS: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS GAINS: - The PILL 1960 Paid maternity leave & affordable childcare. - Begin to push for a change to abortion laws. - Push for changes to make workplaces hire men or women… instead of just men for certain jobs.

FUELS: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS BLACK CIVIL RIGHTS CIVIL RIGHTS: TWO MOVEMENTS: Martin Luther King Jr. (Christian) “We Shall Overcome” – non-violent protest leading to integration. Malcolm X (American Black Muslim) “Black Power” -- protest leading to separation and autonomy.

FUELS: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS BLACK CIVIL RIGHTS CIVIL RIGHTS: TWO MOVEMENTS: Martin Luther King Jr. (Christian) “We Shall Overcome” – non-violent protest leading to integration.

FUELS: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS BLACK CIVIL RIGHTS CIVIL RIGHTS: TWO MOVEMENTS: Malcolm X (American Black Muslim) “Black Power” - protest leading to separation and autonomy.

FUELS: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS BLACK CIVIL RIGHTS GAINS: - Very little.

FUELS: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS They ask for reasonable things like an end to segregation in schools etc.

A black man tries to register to vote in Mississippi. FUELS: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS A black man tries to register to vote in Mississippi.

FUELS: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS As the movement grows, 200,000 protestors join MLK at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington DC

FUELS: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS As the movement grows, 200,000 protestors join MLK at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington DC

Before any laws are changed, JFK is assassinated. 1963 FUELS: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS Before any laws are changed, JFK is assassinated. 1963

Before any laws are changed, MLK Jr. is assassinated. 1968 FUELS: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS Before any laws are changed, MLK Jr. is assassinated. 1968

Before any laws are changed, Malcolm X is assassinated. 1968 FUELS: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS Before any laws are changed, Malcolm X is assassinated. 1968

In Canada: Rights given by Diefenbaker and Pearson. Pearson (Liberal) focuses on socialist policies to create equality between classes: - Canada Pension Plan Medicare Balanced French and English concerns

In Canada: Rights given by Diefenbaker and Pearson. Created the flag of Canada 1965s

In Canada: Rights given by Diefenbaker and Pearson. Diefenbaker (Conservative) focuses on human rights. Bill of Rights (1960) - Voting Rights for Indians - Woman Cabinet Minister and Aboriginal senator Believed in unhyphenated Canadianism - Unpopular in Quebec

CULTURE CRTC: Canada’s regulator for telecoms, radio and television services. Mandates the playing of Canadian music, TV. WOMANHOOD: Wanted to work outside the home. Society should take some responsibility for children. Daycare should be provided.

CULTURE VOTING AGE: In 1972, the voting age goes from 21 to 18.

QUIET REVOLUTION IN QUEBEC

QUIET REVOLUTION IN QUEBEC A period of intense change QUIET REVOLUTION IN QUEBEC A period of intense change. Rapid secularization. Creation of welfare state. Quebec splits into federalists and separatists. Led by Jean Lesage (Quebec Liberal)

ECONOMIC CHANGES The Liberal Party created Hydro-Quebec, which demonstrated strength and capability of Quebec.

SOCIAL CHANGES Nationalism in Quebec is strengthened SOCIAL CHANGES Nationalism in Quebec is strengthened. At Expo 67, Charles de Gaulle declares VIVE LE QUEBEC LIBRE!

RELIGIOUS CHANGES Quebec takes over education and healthcare, which had been run by the Catholic Church.

SEPARTISM | 1969-1970 As Separatism grows, so does the idea of finding an extreme solution for creating a new nation of Quebec.

CANADIAN GOVERNMENT | 1969-1970 Taken over by Pierre Elliot Trudeau in 1968. Trudeau is extremely popular… Canada’s most famous Prime Minister. Trudeau is very nationalistic for Canada, but is Fr.-Cdn.

SEPARTISM | 1969-1970 Throughout the 1960s, the FLQ does minor terrorist work, like blowing up mailboxes in 1963. FLQ = Front de Liberation du Quebec.

Meanwhile, Rene Levesque Forms Parti Quebecois, who believe in: SEPARTISM | 1969-1970 Meanwhile, Rene Levesque Forms Parti Quebecois, who believe in: -More control for Quebecois over areas of jurisdiction currently under federal control. -A separate country for Quebec. - Protection of the French language.