Japan’s Pacific Campaign Modern World History Chapter 16, Section 2 Assign. #3-3 vs.

U.S. Isolationism (#1) U.S. practices isolationism in the 1930s Neutrality Acts – series of laws passed by the U.S. between 1935 and 1937 that made it illegal to sell arms or lend money to nations at war Cash and Carry provision – added to the Neutrality Acts in 1939, it allowed the Allies to buy American arms

The U.S. Aids Its Allies (#1) Most Americans want to avoid war (isolationism) Roosevelt fears that if Allies fall, U.S. would have to fight He hopes to strengthen Allies so they can resist Germany Lend-Lease Act— passed in March 1941, it allowed the U.S. to loan weapons and other supplies to countries fighting Germany

President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Lend-Lease bill to give aid to Britain and China (1941)

The U.S. Aids Its Allies (#1) Roosevelt and Churchill meet before U.S. enters the war, and issue a statement of principles Atlantic Charter— supports free trade, right to form own government, and serves as the Allies peace plan for after the war What does this sound similar to?

Undeclared Naval War with Germany Hitler orders his U-boats to sink any U.S. ships supplying the Allies An undeclared naval war goes on for months before the U.S. enters the war USS Reuben James is the first U.S. naval vessel sunk in the war (in October 1941)

Ch. 16, Section 2 Introduction Japan attacks Pearl Harbor in Hawaii and brings the United States into World War II

Japan and the U.S. (#2) US was sending aid for the Chinese resistance against Japan Japan develops a plan for attacks on European colonies in Southeast Asia (to gain resources) US worried about the Philippines (which it controls) In 1941 Pres. Roosevelt cut off oil shipments to Japan when it invaded French Indochina in July 1941 Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto plans attack on U.S. fleet in Hawaii

Surprise Attack on Pearl Harbor Japan attacks Pearl Harbor—U.S. Naval base in Hawaii—on December 7, 1941 U.S. declares war on Japan December 8, 1941

Route of Japanese Fleet Attacking Pearl Harbor

Waves of the Attack First wave, 182 planes Second wave, 171 planes

Battleship USS Arizona U.S. Pacific fleet nearly destroyed Japan now able to conquer more lands without fear of U.S. resistance

Silver Lining? What kind of ship, which would prove to be the most important in the war, was not at Pearl Harbor? Aircraft carriers

Japanese Victories (#3) Japan also attacks Hong Kong, Thailand, and Guam and Wake Island (US-controlled islands) at same time as Pearl Harbor The Philippines Japanese attack Philippine Islands defended by U.S., Filipino troops General Douglas MacArthur escapes via submarine to Australia and vows to return Philippines falls to Japan in 1942

Gains in Many Places (#3) Japan conquers British Singapore and the Dutch East Indies which are rich in minerals Japan captures Burma, which threatens India, Britain’s main possession in Asia Japanese forces treat conquered peoples and prisoners of war brutally

Bataan Death March When Japan conquered the Philippines they marched 75,000 U.S. and Filipino captured soldiers miles to prisoner of war camps and thousands died along the way Beheadings, cut throats, casual shootings, bayonet stabbings, numerous rifle butt beatings and a deliberate refusal to allow the prisoners food or water while keeping them continually marching for nearly a week in tropical heat

Pictures of the Bataan Death March

Propaganda Poster in the U.S. after the Bataan Death March

Bataan Death March Memorial “The Battling Bastards of Bataan”

U.S. bombers attack Tokyo and other Japanese cities in April 1942 (Here Lt. Col. James H. Doolittle wires a Japanese medal to a bomb, for "return" to its originators in the first U.S. air raid on the Japanese home islands) Raiders low on fuel had to ditch planes in China Raid does little damage, but shows that Japan is vulnerable, and improves U.S. morale on the homefront Doolittle Raid

Battle of Coral Sea (#4) Battle of the Coral Sea— U.S. stops Japanese advance, May 1942 (1st time Japanese were stopped in WWII) Prevented invasion of Australia 1st naval battle where ships were not in sight of each other and all the fighting was done by planes from aircraft carriers

New Kind of Naval Warfare Reconnaissance planes from aircraft carriers search for enemy task forces When enemy found, bombers are sent to attack Bombers do not engage each other, but pass each other on the way to the enemy aircraft carrier Fighters and anti-aircraft guns defended the ships against bombers Ships never close enough to see each other or shoot at each other

The Allies Strike Back (#5) Japan sends powerful fleet to capture Midway Island Battle of Midway— US destroyed all 4 of Japan’s aircraft carriers causing Japan to retreat This is the turning point in the war in the Pacific

Battle of Midway

An Allied Offensive (#6) MacArthur’s island-hopping plan Douglas MacArthur—American army commander in the Pacific “island-hopping” – move past Japanese strongholds in order to attack weaker bases, and get closer to Japan to eventually attack it

Battle of Guadalcanal (#7) The Japanese were building an airbase on the island of Guadalcanal In August 1942 thousands of marines stormed the island In 6 months of fighting the Japanese lost 24,000 of the 36,000 soldiers defending the island “The Island of Death”