Helen Kuttner Metro Writing Studio Spring 2017 Advanced APA Workshop Helen Kuttner Metro Writing Studio Spring 2017

Why do I need to learn APA style? •Academic writing requires strategies related to connecting with and persuading your audience. keeping your language and facts accurate and objective researching and incorporating expert sources into your writing. acknowledging these experts’ ideas. showing your readers where they can find these expert sources for themselves. • avoiding plagiarism. •A knowledge of an editorial format such as APA helps writers.

Is it APA style? Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. Lester, J.D. (1976). Writing research papers. (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Pearson. Students often take notes using exact words, which results in the overuse of quotes in the final paper. Maybe about 10 percent of the paper should use direct quotes. As a result, one should try not to copy source material directly when taking notes. (Writing research papers, 1976)

Paraphrase the following: 1. Lack of calcium can result in malformed teeth. Misshapen teeth are caused by an insufficient intake of calcium. Insufficient calcium can result in malformed teeth. One effect is misshapen teeth. 2. Three issues are especially crucial to understanding the possible uses of the human genome. Understanding potential uses of the human genome is linked to three vital issues. Three things are especially crucial to understanding the possible uses of the human genome.

Which synonym choices are better? It is not ethical to cheat on tests. okay 2. moral Eyes pained by dust secrete a lot of tears. 3. hurt 4. irritated There is a lot of moisture in the air. 5. wetness 6. humidity

APA uses a system of five heading levels Headings APA uses a system of five heading levels APA Headings Level Format 1 Centered, Boldfaced, Upper & Lowercase Headings 2 Left-aligned, Boldface, Upper & Lowercase Headings 3 Indented, boldface, lowercase heading with a period. 4 Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase heading with period. 5 Indented, italicized, lowercase heading with a period. This slide explains a system of five heading levels in APA. It might be supplemented by the section “APA Headings” from OWL http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/16/ Adapted from Purdue University Online Writing Lab, 2016, APA Formatting and Style Guide [Chart]. Retrieved from the Purdue University Online Writing Lab website: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/

Here is an example of the five-level heading system: Thus, if the article has four sections, some of which have subsection and some of which don’t, use headings depending on the level of subordination. Section headings receive level one format. Subsections receive level two format. Subsections of subsections receive level three format. In APA Style, the Introduction section never gets a heading and headings are not indicated by letters or numbers. Levels of headings will depend upon the length and organization of your paper. Regardless, always begin with level one headings and proceed to level two, etc. Adapted from Purdue University Online Writing Lab (2016), APA Formatting and Style Guide [Chart]. Retrieved from the Purdue University Online Writing Lab website: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl

With APA headings, all sections of equal importance are given the same heading level. use only as many heading levels as needed. give each subsection a heading if a section can be divided into two or more subsections. do not assign a heading if you do not have at least two subsections.

Other Helpful Resources Purdue OWL (Online Writing Lab) http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/ Social Media Citation Guide http://teachbytes.com/2013/04/09/how-to-cite-social-media-mla-apa-formats Harvard Graduate School of Education, APA Exposed Isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=apa_exposed American Psychological Association Style Manual, 6th Edition www.apastyle.org