Impact of the new deal

Opposition The Right The Left -many of the wealthy turned against FDR due to raised taxes and heavy government involvement in the economy Opposition - Liberty League created in April 1934 -promoted private property and enterprise unregulated by law -had 125,000 members by July 1936 The Left -End Poverty In California- scheme to put people to work in state run co-operatives. Paid currency to spend in other co-operatives -"share our wealth"-created by Huey Long ( Feb 1934) stated all private fortunes over $3 million should be confiscated. Said that minimum wages should be $2000 to $3000 a year and college education should be free. Peak of 4.6 million members -Old Age Revolving Pensions Incorporated- Townsend pushed for $200 a month for >60 year olds. Had 500,000 members -Father Coughlin-Radio show had audience of 30-40 million,1934 Founded National Union for Social Justice with aim of monetary reform and redistribution of wealth

Opposition Supreme Court - in 18 months between 1935 and 1936 the supreme court found 11 laws unconstitutional. -FDR believed Supreme Court judges were out of touch. On 3rd February 1936, he presented the Judiciary Reform bill to congress, proposing a president could appoint a new judge if one reached the age of 70 and failed to retire within 6 months. He could also appoint up to six more justices. The senate rejected the Bill 70 votes to 20 -Of the nine judges, none were FDR's appointments Opposition The "Sick Chicken" case 1935 - involved a firm of Butchers in New York selling chicken unfit for consumption -when prosecuted by the NRA, the firm appealed to the supreme court who decided it was a matter for the state government as the federal government had no power intervening in internal commerce of states

Economy - In 1938 the budget deficit was lower than the $2.5 billion deficit Hoover was faced with in 1932 -in 1933, 18 million Americans were out of work. This figure decreased to 9 million in 1939 -total personal income stood at $86 billion in 1929 and just $73 billion in 1939 -average wage decreased from $25.03 per week in 1929 to $23.86 in 1939  Achievements

Achievements Political Effects -it was recognized that the government had a role to play in union disputes - permanent expansion in the role of federal government. Good as it improved welfare and met the needs of American citizens - bad as people increasingly believed the government were responsible for their actions Achievements

Achievements Society-relief Society-women -agencies such as FERA and WPA gave hope to millions - marked a fundamental change in the government's approach to welfare - benefits fell short. The amounts spent were inadequate to fulfil the needs of poorer classes Achievements Society-women - Eleanor Roosevelt used the media to cover social and gender issues. She introduced women only press conferences, enhancing females in journalism. Her article in the women's home journal received 300,000 responses - even by 1940, 90% of jobs were filled by men and women eared half the average wage of a man at just $525 a year -some new deal agencies barred women (like the CCC) -NRA codes allowed for unequal wages -1933 Economy act forbade members of the same family working for the federal government. 75% of those who lost their job due to this act were women

Achievements Society-African Americans Society-Native Americans -civil service tripled number of AA's in its employment between 1932 and 1941 to 150,000 - NRA codes allowed for AA's to be paid less than whites for the same job -the CCC was run by a southern racist who did little to encourage AA's to join (those who did felt strict segregation) -Roosevelt failed to support anti-lynching bills proposed by congress in both 1934 and 1937 Achievements Society-Native Americans - Indian Reorganisation Act of 1934 recognized and encouraged Native American culture. Tribes were organized into self-governing bodies with their own police and legal systems. -75 out of 245 tribes vetoed them when asked to vote on the measures as it was seen that the efforts to modernise disrespected the culture - remained among the poorest people in the USA