The Cold War 1945-1991

Cold War Characteristics Political, strategic and ideological struggle between the US and the USSR that spread throughout the world Struggle that contained everything short of war Competing social and economic ideologies

Two sides of Cold War NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization USA, France, Great Britain, West Germany CAPITALISM Warsaw Pact – pro Soviet countries – USSR, and all countries controlled by the USSR. COMMUNISM

Cold War The Cold War was a time after WW2 when the USA and the Soviet Union were rivals for world influence.

NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Divided Germany Iron Curtain – A term used by Winston Churchill to describe the separating of Those communist lands of East Europe from the West. Divided Germany

Improve your knowledge Divided Berlin Improve your knowledge The Russians took very high casualties to capture Berlin in May 1945. They spent the early occupation trying to take over all zones of the city but were stopped by German democrats such as Willy Brandt and Konrad Adenauer. Reluctantly the Russians had to admit the Americans, French and British to their respective zones.

Marshall Plan USA’s plan to send food, blankets, fuel to Europe to help them. AND to keep them from turning communist.

Berlin blockade led to Berlin Airlift

The Berlin Crisis: June 1948-May 1949 1948: three western controlled zones of Germany united; grew in prosperity due to the Marshall Plan West wanted East to rejoin; Stalin feared it would hurt Soviet security. June 1948: Stalin decided to gain control of West Berlin, which was deep inside the Eastern Sector Cuts road, rail and canal links with West Berlin, hoping to starve it into submission West responded by airlifting supplies to allow West Berlin to survive May 1949: USSR admitted defeat, lifted blockade Map of Germany divided into zones after WWII A plane flies in supplies during the Berlin Airlift. Map of Berlin divided into zones after WWII

Nuclear Missiles!

Cold War tensions increased in the US when the USSR exploded its first atomic bomb in 1949. Arms Race Cold War tensions increased in the USSR when the US exploded its first hydrogen bomb in 1952. It was 1000 times more powerful than the Hiroshima atomic bomb.

Truman Doctrine The Truman Doctrine in March 1947 promised that the USA “would support free peoples who are resisting” communism. This led to containment – policy of containing communism where it is.

Communism spreads like a disease Domino Theory Communism spreads like a disease

Korea and Vietnam USA tried to contain communism. In both wars, communist troops fought armies trained and funded by the USA.

TIMELINE 1949 – China became Communist – supported N Korea 1950 – N Korea invaded S Korea Sept 1950 – UN troops into S Korea at INCHON N Koreans pushed back into N Korea Oct 1950 Chinese invaded N Korea UN troops pushed back to S Korea 1950-51 – STALEMATE around 38th Parallel April 1951 – MacArthur removed from position – replaced by General Omar Bradley

Communists invaded from the north Communists invaded from the north. China sent a million troops to help reds.

TIMELINE Fighting continued until 1952 1952 – Truman replaced by Eisenhower 1953 – Stalin died July 1953 - Armistice signed

What is the United Nations?

United Nations International Organization where countries try to find peaceful solutions

United Nations It has no army but uses troops from other countries.

Vietnam War 1960s-1973 Why did US get involved? Through the Kennedy years, US troops trained S. Vietnamese troops to fight the Reds. Why did US get involved? To stop the Communists

Bay of Pigs The CIA trained and funded an invasion of communist Cuba. The invasion failed, and Castro had some powerful friends!

The Bay of Pigs An unsuccessful attack on Cuba Designed to over through the government of Fidel April 17th ,1961 Cuban refugees trained in U.S. Guatemala to fight Fidel Violated agreements to not interfere in the western hemisphere CIA advised Kennedy to attack

Soviet response. Don’t worry comrade Castro. We got your back!

A U2 spy plane found these missile silos in Cuba, 1962.

The Cuban Missile Crisis Oct.16, 1962 photos reveal Soviets building missile sights in Cuba Options: negotiate with Khrushchev, invade Cuba, blockade Cuba, bomb missile sights U.S. quarantines Cuba Russia sends more ships, Khrushchev calls them back U.S. agrees to remove weapons in Turkey for Russian disarmament in Cuba

Kennedy Khrushchev

End to a crisis! The Soviets removed the missiles in Cuba. In exchange, USA pledged to not invade Cuba again. And to remove missiles in Turkey (right).

Afterward A direct phone line was set up between their offices to bypass other channels.