Warm Up # 15 Who were Progressives, what did they stand for? Give Specific examples

Immigration Transparency

A: The Great Migration 1880 1910 Eastern and Southern Europe Northwest Europe 73% 27% 49% 24% 16% 11% Rest of the World Rest of the World Northwest Europe Percent of Immigrants by Region of Origin

A 1800s Mostly from N and W Europe 1910 Most from E and S Europe 1800-1921 23 million immigrants Most spoke little or no English

B: Push and Pull Factors

B Left for: Economic Reasons No jobs, very poor, many diseases Religious Reasons No freedom of religion American Dream Think life in America is better Average trip cost $65-$100 – about one years’ salary

“American Land” by Bruce Springsteen What is this land of America, so many travel there I'm going now while I'm still young, my darling meet me there Wish me luck my lovely, I'll send for you when I can And we'll make our home in the American land Over there all the woman wear silk and satin to their knees And children dear, the sweets, I hear, are growing on the trees Gold comes rushing out the river straight into your hands If you make your home in the American land There's diamonds in the sidewalks, there's gutters lined in song Dear I hear that beer flows through the faucets all night long There's treasure for the taking, for any hard working man Who will make his home in the American land

“American Land” by Bruce Springsteen I docked at Ellis Island in a city of light and spire I wandered to the valley of red-hot steel and fire We made the steel that built the cities with the sweat of our two hands And I made my home in the American land There's diamonds in the sidewalks, there's gutters lined in song Dear I hear that beer flows through the faucets all night long There's treasure for the taking, for any hard working man Who will make his home in the American land The McNicholas, the Posalski's, the Smiths, Zerillis too The Blacks, the Irish, the Italians, the Germans and the Jews The Puerto Ricans, illegals, the Asians, Arabs miles from home Come across the water with a fire down below

“American Land” by Bruce Springsteen They died building the railroads, worked to bones and skin They died in the fields and factories, names scattered in the wind They died to get here a hundred years ago, they're dyin' now The hands that built the country were all trying to keep down There's diamonds in the sidewalk, there's gutters lined in song Dear I hear that beer flows through the faucets all night long There's treasure for the taking, for any hard working man Who will make his home in the American land Who will make his home in the American land Who will make his home in the American land

C: The Journey Across the Atlantic

C Most in steerage class 1,200 – 2,000 passengers per ship Few toilets, many diseases 8-14 days to get from Europe to America

D: Arrival in America (East coast)

D Ellis Island 75% of immigrants pass through Inspected for diseases Given registration numbers Spellings of names changed

E: Medical Inspections

E Medical Inspections 1st and 2nd class – quick inspections Looking for cholera, typhoid, plague and eye diseases

F: Legal Inspections

F Legal Exams Each immigrant speaks with an inspector They are asked personal questions Inspectors decide if they enter or not Names are recorded

Ellis Island in 2 Minutes http://www.history.com/topics/ellis-island/videos/deconstructing-history-ellis-island?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

G: Ethnic Enclaves

G Ethnic Enclave People of the same ethnic group live in the same areas together These areas help them settle and adjust Very Crowded Immigrants were welcomed

H: Living Conditions

H Living Conditions Living in small rooms with many people 60% of immigrants babies die before 1st birthday “5 Cents A Night” Spot

I: Working Conditions

I Working Conditions Most work in industrial jobs About 80% were semiskilled or unskilled Families needed about $16/week to survive Workers $1.25 - $4/week Work lasted 12-16 hours per day Kids worked in textile factories

Warm Up # 17 What are common opinions about immigration today? Have they changed very much in the last hundred years?

J: Americans’ Treatment of Immigrants

J Nativism A belief that your ethnic group is better than others

Reasons for Chinese Immigration

Reasons For Chinese Immigration 1848 – Gold discovered in California 1850 – Taiping Rebellion Revolt against the Chinese government 20 million Chinese killed 1860s – Railroad lines need more workers in the US

Chinese Immigrants in America

Chinese Immigrants in America Most moved to western cities Most worked as laborers, servants, merchants or building the railroad Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 – stopped Chinese Immigration for 10 years. Kept Chinese already in US from becoming citizens

The Journey Over

Angel Island

Chinatown – San Francisco