brawl (n.) a rough, noisy fight Mr. Aird had to break up a brawl in the hallway before someone got hurt. (v.) to fight nosily Hockey players that brawl during the game get sent to the penalty box. brawl

casual → ← Casual Not Casual (adj.) not planned My friends got together for a casual meeting after the movie. not regular; occasional I have a casual job helping my uncle, but only when he needs me. 3. good for everyday use; comfortable I like to wear my casual sneakers to school. casual → Casual ← Not Casual

constant (adj.) not changing The function of cruise control is to keep the car at a constant speed. Loyal; faithful The farmer’s constant companion is an affectionate collie. 3. Without a pause; unending. A small child requires constant attention. constant

excel (v.) to do well; to be better or greater than others Derek Jeter excelled at baseball and was better than most of his teammates. excel He excels at basketball.

(v.) To use up. Lost on the mountain, the climbers exhausted their supplies after two days To tire up. A ten-mile hike will exhaust most people. 3. (n.) The waste gases from an engine; also they system that pumps out such waste gases. The muffler is often the first part of the exhaust to wear out. exhaust

hardy (adj.) able to survive under bad conditions; tough The sidewalk is made of hardy cement so it does not get ruined in bad weather. hardy

mediocre (adj.) low to medium quality; barely passable Mediocre grades make it hard to get into a good college. Mediocre grades also make it hard for teachers to give you a good grade on your report card. mediocre

monotonous (adj.) Always the same, not changing; boring Making photocopies is monotonous work. monotony (n.) Lack of variety resulting in boredom. Switching tasks helps to relieve the monotony of assembly-line work. monotonous Their job is very monotonous. Everyday they stare at screens.

originate (v.) to create or start something for the first time The idea of sending Valentine’s Day cards originated in the 1800s. What is the origin of the story? originate

(v.) to add marks such as commas or periods to writing to make the meaning more clear There are many different punctuation marks in grammar. To interrupt from time to time Loud sounds of thunder punctuated my sleep. punctuate

ravenous (adj.) very hungry I am ravenous because I skipped breakfast. to really want something that satisfies your needs or wants If you are ravenous for a compliment, it shows that you do not believe in yourself. ravenous

realistic (adj.) Closely resembling real life. This video game has very realistic race-car sounds. Aware of things as they are; practical. When starting a diet, it is important to be realistic- you cannot lose ten pounds in a week! realistic The images in this movie are very realistic. They look like real people, not animated.

soothe (v.) To make calm and relaxed. The principal tried to soothe the angry students by promising to consider their demands. To relieve soreness; to make less painful. calamine lotion will soothe a sunburn. soothe

(n.) A sudden rush of animals or people, usually because of fear There was a stampede of people at Target on Black Friday. To take part in a stampede The animals stampeded in “The Lion King”. stampede

veteran (n.) a person who has served in the armed forces My grandfather is a veteran from World War II. A person with a lot of experience Mrs. Sevilla is a veteran teacher (and the best one). veteran