MANAGEMENT SCIENCE PREPARED BY CH. AVINASH

Introduction to Management UNIT-I Introduction to Management

INDEX UNIT 1 PPT SLIDES S.NO. TOPIC LECTURE NO. Introduction to Management L1 Concepts of Management of Organiztion L2 importance L3 Taylor’s Scientific L4 FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT L5 Fayol’s Principle of Management L6 Mayo’s Hawthorne Experiments L7 Maslow’s theory of Human NeedsS L8

DEFINITION Henri Fayol(1916):To manage is to forecast and plan ,to organize, to command, to coordinate and control Peter. F. Drucker(1955):Management is concerned with the systematic organization of economic Resources and its task is to make these resources productive.

Nature and Features Management is a social process It also denotes a ‘a body of people’ involved in decision making It is inexact science It is an art and also science It is profession It is inter-disciplinary It is complex

IMPORTANCE It facilitates the achievements of goals through limited resources It ensures smooth sailing in case of difficulties It ensures continuing in the organization It ensures economy and efficiency It focus on group efforts It is the key to the economic growth

Taylor’s Scientific Management Theory F.W.Taylor –Father of Scientific Management Taylor demonstrated the benefits of increased productivity and earnings through an experiment at “Bethlehem Steel Works”.

FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT According to Luther Gullick P-----Planning O------Organizing S-----Staffing D----Directing Co---Coordinating R---Reporting B---Budgetting

Fayol’s Principle of Management Henri Fayol contributed 14 principles to management Division of Work Authority Discipline Unity of command Unity of direction Subordination of individual interest to group interest

Fayol’s Principle of Management 7.Remuneration 8.Centralization of authority 9.Scalar chain 10.Order 11.Equity 12.Stability of tenure of personnel 13.Initiative 14.Espirit de corps (Team work)

Mayo’s Hawthorne Experiments Mayo known for his famous experiment at Hawthorne plant of the western electric company, Chicago, USA, for evaluating the attitudes and Psychological reaction of workers on the job situations.

Maslow’s theory of Human NeedsS According to him humans have 5 needs Physiological needs Safety needs Affiliation or acceptance needs Esteem needs Self-actualisation needs

Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y Theory X: Assumptions Employees are lazy They require constant guidance and support Some times they require even coersion and control Given an opportunity they would like to avoid responsibility They do not show any ambition but always seak security

Theory Y Assumptions: Some employees consider work as natural as play as rest They employees are capable of directing and controlling performance on their own. They are much committed to objectives of the organization. Higher rewards make these employees more committed to organization. Most of them are highly imaginative, creative, and display ingenuity in handling organizational issues. Give an opportunity , they not only accept responsibility but also look for opportunities to out perform others.