Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. CJ in the USA: Corrections Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Upon completion of this Module, the student will be able to: Summarize the process of classification and assignment Describe the various types and levels of prisons Indicate the rehabilitation services provided in modern prisons Discuss the security measures used in a modern prison Explain the functions of jails Define probation and parole Identify the pros and cons of privatization Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Introduction Corrections system Prisons Range from open security to maximum security Probation and parole Privatization Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Prisons Classification and Assignment Security level determined through Evaluations Psychological Skills Intelligence Review offender files and records Evaluations and review determine the most appropriate security level and programs for the inmate Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Prisons Today The United States leads the world in incarcerating its citizens The types or levels of prison facilities include: Supermax Maximum-security Close high-security Medium-security Minimum-security Multilevel Open security Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Rehabilitation Most prisons provide services for rehabilitating inmates Self-help groups Work assignments Psychotherapy and social therapy Client-centered therapy Behavior modification Operant conditioning Aversive conditioning Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Federal Prisons Administered by the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) “Prisoner Bill of Rights” Clean, decent surroundings Right to maintain ties to family and community Master Plan Smaller facilities Literacy training Rehabilitation Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Federal Prisons Wardens Dual role of ensuring security and chief executive officer of facility Prison security Physical barriers, including “sally ports” Security policies “Count” “Shakedowns” “Lockdown” Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Federal Prisons Services for Inmates Medical Dental Religious services Academic opportunities Vocational training Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Jails Jails are typically run by county or city governments for suspected or convicted adults held for more than 48 hours Process infraction, misdemeanor and felony offenses Pending arraignment, trial, conviction, or sentencing Readmit probation/parole and bond violators Operate community-based programs with day reporting, home detention, electronic tethers, etc. Hold inmates sentenced to less than 1 year Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Jails Jail populations Predominately male Minorities are over-represented Small percentage under 18 Challenges include: Personnel selection and training Overcrowding Obsolete facilities Lack of recreational facilities Limited funding Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Parole Parole is the release of a prison inmate by a board prior to the sentence end date Two types of parole Independent model – parole board is responsible for supervision Consolidated model – supervision of released persons is by commissioner of corrections Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Parole Recidivism factors when determining parole include: Disciplinary problems in prison Prior recidivism Prior record of crimes Age Education level Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Probation Probation is a community-based punishment for lesser offenses that requires certain court-ordered conditions, such as: Maintaining employment or attending school Receiving substance-abuse counseling If probation is violated, jail or prison time may have to be served Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Privatization Privatization refers to privately owned and run correctional facilities Corrections Corporation of America and Wackenhut Corrections Corporation own about 75% of private prison beds in U.S. 31 states have at least one privately operated jail or prison Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Privatization Advantages Increase new prisoner housing capacity Government resources for other priorities Decreased costs overall for corrections Disadvantages “Punishment for profit” Financial political influence Lower paid, less trained personnel creates poorly managed facilities Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Privatization Types of private facilities For-profit prisons, jails, halfway houses Non-profit organizations such as work release programs Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Summary The corrections facet is charged with the care and rehabilitation of inmates. There are several types or levels of prison facilities, based upon security needs. Jails are usually run by city or county governments, and are typically used for temporary housing. Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Summary Parole is the release of a prison inmate before sentence expires. Probation is community punishment that requires the offender to comply with certain court-ordered conditions. Correction institutions are increasingly owned and run by private corporations that contract with the federal or state governments to house prisoners. Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.